浅谈智能语音领域专利战略

智能语音产业的相关企业在国内政策扶持力度不断加大、技术创新能力不断提高的基础上应抓住机遇,制定合理的专利战略,以专利战略占据并稳固市场优势地位。针对国内智能语音产业的相关企业发展现状,系统地提出了构建和应用专利战略的对策建议。     

Use of the BioHole™ device for the creation of tunnel tracks for buttonhole cannulation of fistula for hemodialysis

Buttonhole cannulation is a method of cannulation of native arteriovenous fistulae traditionally practiced by self‐cannulators. At St Michael's Hospital, this method has been modified to allow its use in problematic fistulae by multiple cannulators. In a busy dialysis unit, the need for a few specific cannulators to establish the tunnel tracks in combination with the variable dialysis schedules creates logistical challenges. A new method of creating tunnel tracks with the use of the BioHole^? device was evaluated. Buttonhole tracks were created in 12 patients using a peg of polycarbonated material with a holder (BioHole^? kit). The peg was inserted into the path left by the hemodialysis sharp needle following the index cannulation. Four of the 12 patients had an alternate access. Buttonhole tracks were successfully created in all the patients, albeit in 2 patients, the initial attempt to establish buttonhole tracks was aborted due to complications and the procedure was rescheduled. Compared with the modified buttonhole technique, pain on cannulation following track creation was significantly less in the BioHole^? group (P<0.001). Ease of cannulation was significantly improved in the BioHole^? group (P<0.05) when compared with that in thrice‐weekly patients using the modified buttonhole technique. Hemostasis postdialysis did not differ between the study groups. The use of the BioHole^? device is effective in the creation of tunnel tracks for buttonhole cannulation, is associated with less pain, and simplifies the logistics of arranging patient and nurses' schedules.     

Application of a Fluidized Bed Reactor in the MTO (Methanol to Olefin) Process: Preparation of Catalyst and Presentation of a Kinetic Model

Abstract

Light olefins are basic raw materials for petrochemical industries and the global demand for the latter is growing. The authors investigated the conversion of methanol to light olefins in presence of acidic SAPO-34 molecular sieve as the reaction catalyst. SAPO-34 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, applying morpholine as the template. The molecular sieve was then changed into protonated form by ion exchange process with ammonium chloride at 80°C. A kinetic study was carried out within the temperature range of 375–425°C and 4 bar pressure using a differential fixed bed reactor. An appropriate kinetic model was presented and the kinetic parameters were evaluated as functions of temperature. In addition, the formation of light olefins was implemented in a fluidized bed reactor under a wide range of operating conditions. The experimental results were correlated with those predicted from a hydrodynamic model. Taguchi's experimental design method was applied to determine the optimum operating parameters of this process conducted in the fluidized bed reactor. The optimized parameters were the following: temperature = 425°C; ratio of inlet gas velocity to minimum fluidizing velocity (U₀/U_mf) = 7; catalyst mean particle size = 240 μm.     

Kinetic Modeling of MTO Process Applying ZSM-5 Zeolite Modified With Phosphorus as the Reaction Catalyst

In the present study, a number of phosphorus modified HZSM-5(Si/Al = 250) zeolite as MTO catalyst were prepared and characterized by various methods. A kinetic model for MTO process over PZSM-5 catalyst was developed based on data obtained from a differential fixed bed reactor within the temperature range of 360–425°C and 1 bar pressure applying the Langmuir-Hinshelwood formulation. The kinetic parameters were evaluated from the experimental data using genetic algorithm. It was found that the predicted data from the model were well correlated with the experimental results, indicating that ethylene and propylene are primary olefins.     

Posttraumatic stress disorder and retrospectively reported stressor exposure: A longitudinal prediction model.

There has been recent concern about the degree to which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology influences reports of prior exposure to highly stressful life events. In this longitudinal study of 2,942 male and female Gulf War veterans, the authors documented change in stressor reporting across 2 occasions and the association between change and PTSD symptom severity. A regression-based cross-lagged analysis was used to examine the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and later reported stressor exposure. Shifts in reporting over time were modestly associated with PTSD symptom severity. The cross-lagged analysis revealed a marginal association between Time 1 PTSD symptom severity and Time 2 reported stressor exposure for men and suggested that later reports of stressor exposure are primarily accounted for by earlier reports and less so by earlier PTSD symptomatology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis of an Enantiocomplementary Catalyst of β‐Isocupreidine (β‐ICD) from Quinine

Compound 20 , a pseudoenantiomer of β‐isocupreidine (β‐ICD), was synthesized from quinine employing a Barton reaction of nitrosyl ester 13 and acid‐catalyzed cyclization of carbinol 18 as key steps. The Baylis–Hillman reaction of benzaldehyde, p‐nitrobenzaldehyde, and hydrocinnamaldehyde with 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate (HFIPA) using 20 as a chiral amine catalyst was found to give the corresponding S‐enriched adducts in high optical purity (>91% ee) in contrast to the β‐ICD‐catalyzed reaction which affords R‐enriched adducts. This result suggests that compound 20 can serve as an enantiocomplementary catalyst of β‐ICD in the asymmetric Baylis–Hillman reaction of aldehydes with HFIPA.     

Eco-friendly Geopolymer Composite Based on Non-heat-treated Phosphate Sludge Reinforced With Polypropylene Fibers

Silicon - Geopolymers produced with metakaolin (MK) and thermally untreated phosphate sludge (PS) are beneficial and environmentally advantageous materials, but their fragility limits its...     

Piezoelectric Sensors Operating at Very High Temperatures and in Extreme Environments Made of Flexible Ultrawide-Bandgap Single-Crystalline AlN Thin Films

Extreme environments are often faced in energy, transportation, aerospace, and defense applications and pose a technical challenge in sensing. Piezoelectric sensor based on single-crystalline AlN transducers is developed to address this challenge. The pressure sensor shows high sensitivities of 0.4–0.5 mV per psi up to 900 °C and output voltages from 73.3 to 143.2 mV for input gas pressure range of 50 to 200 psi at 800 °C. The sensitivity and output voltage also exhibit the dependence on temperature due to two origins. A decrease in elastic modulus (Young's modulus) of the diaphragm slightly enhances the sensitivity and the generation of free carriers degrades the voltage output beyond 800 °C, which also matches with theoretical estimation. The performance characteristics of the sensor are also compared with polycrystalline AlN and single-crystalline GaN thin films to investigate the importance of single crystallinity on the piezoelectric effect and bandgap energy-related free carrier generation in piezoelectric devices for high-temperature operation. The operation of the sensor at 900 °C is amongst the highest for pressure sensors and the inherent properties of AlN including chemical and thermal stability and radiation resistance indicate this approach offers a new solution for sensing in extreme environments.