基于子模块电容电压允许值的MMC均压控制策略

针对模块化多电平变换器（modular multilevel converter,MMC）传统子模块（sub-module,SM）均压策略存在的开关频率高、开关损耗量多、计算量大等问题,提出基于子模块电容电压允许值的均压控制策略。通过引入电容电压允许值变量,使得SM电压始终在规定的范围内运行,降低了功率器件损耗。与此同时,由于不需要每个控制周期对全部SM进行排序,进一步减少了控制策略的计算量。通过仿真结果验证了所提策略的有效性,可以显著减少单位时间内功率器件的开关次数。     

基于改进DeepLabV3+的铣床碎屑图像分割方法

针对铣床碎屑形状不规则导致图像分割中碎屑轮廓不清晰、分割精度低的问题,本文提出一种改进的DeepLabV3+铣床碎屑分割算法。首先在DeepLabV3+的Xcepetion模块中嵌入通道与空间注意力机制(convolutional block attention module, CBAM)模型,优化通道的权重和位置信息,加强碎屑图像区域的特征学习;其次将DeepLabV3+的空洞空间卷积池化金字塔(atrous spatial pyramid pooling, ASPP)模块改为密集连接(dense conolutional network, DenseNet)方式,增大碎屑图像特征点的感受野,提升铣床碎屑图像特征的复用效率;最后在解码过程中采用多尺度自适应特征融合方法,聚合多尺度特征作为解码器的输入特征,提高碎屑图像分割的精度与鲁棒性。实验结果表明,本文算法优于其他分割算法,改进后算法相比DeepLabV3+,像素准确率提高0.026,平均交并比(mean intersection over union,MIOU)提高0.020,F₁值提高了0.013。     

用于测厚和裂纹检测的正交横波电磁超声换能器仿真分析及实验研究

垂直入射的横波在测厚时具有较高的灵敏度,但检测裂纹常需采用斜入射方式,单个换能器无法同时进行这两种检测。该文设计了一种正交横波电磁超声换能器（EMAT）,通过两个蝶形线圈在铝板中激发正交偏振的横波,提出在脉冲回波模式下利用两个线圈接收信号的声时信息和幅值差,同时进行测厚、检测裂纹并确定裂纹方向的方法。建立正交偏振EMAT三维有限元模型,对横波声场与裂纹缺陷的相互作用进行仿真,研究线圈间距、裂纹尺寸对正交声场和信号幅值差的影响。仿真和实验结果表明：正交横波EMAT通过一次检测可以同时实现测厚、裂纹检出及裂纹方向定位,为腐蚀减薄和裂纹等缺陷的在线检测提供了新方法。     

Stress dependence of the creep behaviors and mechanisms of a third-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy

Elevated temperature creep behaviors at 1100℃ over a wide stress regime of 120–174 MPa of a thirdgeneration Ni-based single crystal superalloy were studied. With a reduced stress from 174 to 120 MPa,the creep life increased by a factor of 10.5, from 87 h to 907 h, presenting a strong stress dependence.A splitting phenomenon of the close-(about 100 nm) and sparse-(above 120 nm) spaced dislocation networks became more obvious with increasing stress. Simultaneously, a_0010 superdislocations with low mobilities were frequently observed under a lower stress to pass through γ'precipitates by a combined slip and climb of two a_0110 superpartials or pure climb. However, a_0110 superdislocations with higher mobility were widely found under a higher stress, which directly sheared into γ'precipitates.Based on the calculated critical resolved shear stresses for various creep mechanisms, the favorable creep mechanism was systematically analyzed. Furthermore, combined with the microstructural evolutions during different creep stages, the dominant creep mechanism changed from the dislocation climbing to Orowan looping and precipitates shearing under a stress regime of 137–174 MPa, while the dislocation climbing mechanism was operative throughout the whole creep stage under a stress of 120 MPa, resulting a superior creep performance.     

基于STC单片机的机场车辆超速报警系统

采用STC89C52单片机结合LM2596-5.0开关电压调节器、DS12C887时钟芯片、AT24C64串行存储器、74HC595移位寄存器以及接触式IC卡等器件,实现了对机场车辆速度的实时显示以及超速后的自行报警,并将超速情况以数据的形式存储到存储器中,可用IC卡对数据进行读取.该系统通过超速报警来提醒司机减速,从而减少车辆刮碰飞机等事件的发生.     

The influence of collaboration styles to children’s cognitive performance in digital problem-solving game “William Adventure”: A comparative case study

Since a large variety of digital games have been used in many fields for educational purposes, their real functions in learning have caught much attention as well. This study first defines learning characteristics of problem-solving digital games and their corresponding cognitive levels, then designs and develops a problem-solving game in accordance to the criteria. Tasks in the game context are inter-related to each other so that players need to critically and creatively think about problem solutions. Learners’ task analyses are performed to observe four elementary learners’ gaming paths, behaviors and cognitive activities, individually and collaboratively. System documentation, video recording, researcher observation, and interviews are conducted to analyze learners’ learning strategies and their cognitive performance during the gaming process.     

从软件角度谈机房的日常维护和管理

随着教学信息化程度的不断提高,如何对计算机机房进行科学、高效的维护和管理,在保障正常的教学和科研任务的同时,减轻机房管理员的负担,是一个重要的课题。文章从软件角度出发,分别对系统的安装和分发、硬盘还原以及四种常见的系统安全设置进行了详细探讨。     

Work fatigue and physiological symptoms in different occupations of high-elevation construction workers

The objective of this study is to investigate whether work fatigue and physiological symptoms that high-elevation construction workers experience would be affected by the occupations. Questionnaires of demographic data and subjective fatigue symptoms as well as some physiological measurements were carried out, pre- and post-shift, on scaffolders, steel fixers, formworkers, electrician-plumbers, concreters and miscellaneous workers at a high-rise building construction site. This study found that some subjective fatigue symptoms coincide with the life style of some workers and that the extent of fatigue symptoms and physiological strains varies among different occupations of construction workers. Scaffolders, steel fixers and formworkers are categorized as physically demanding fatigue type of workers, while concreters, electrician-plumbers and miscellaneous workers as general type. The prevalence and occurrence of subjective fatigue symptoms indicate high-elevation workers have more complaints of “projection of physical impairment” than “drowsiness and dullness” and “difficulty in concentration”. Some unexpected changes (i.e., post-shift measurements are greater than pre-shift ones) in some strength tests in scaffolders and concreters were consistent with the observations of how they exercised their bodies during work shift. Considerable variation of average heart rate among occupations was found, with scaffolders the highest and concreters the lowest. This study concludes that questionnaires of subjective fatigue symptoms and some physiological measurements can be used as indicators to predict the extent of strains or hazards which construction workers encounter. In terms of management program of safety and health, more attention should be paid to those physically demanding workers, such as scaffolders, workers with lower sense of safety and health, such as miscellaneous workers, and workers with older age, such as concreters.