Large-Eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of combustion oscillations in a cavity-based supersonic combustor

Combustion oscillations in a supersonic combustor with hydrogen injection upstream of a cavity flameholder are investigated numerically using a hybrid RANS/LES (Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/Large-Eddy Simulation) method acting as a wall-modeled LES. A turbulent boundary layer with thickness of δ_inf = 2.5 mm is considered and a recycling/rescaling method is adopted to treat the unsteady inflow. The results show that combustion oscillations can mainly be attributed to two mechanisms. One is the unsteady flame spreading from the cavity shear layer to the main stream, which is greatly influenced by the interaction of the jet-with-cavity shear layer. This mechanism leads to relatively low-frequency oscillations that correspond to the cavity-shear layer oscillations. The other is the auto-ignition of the combustible fluid packets formed around the fuel jet accompanied by the generation of the hairpin-like vortices, which leads to relatively high-frequency oscillations that correspond to the jet instabilities.     

Characteristics of the hydrogen jet combustion through multiport injector arrays in a scramjet combustor

Large eddy simulation of the hydrogen jet combustion in a cavity-stabilized scramjet combustor with three parallel injectors is performed in this study, the emphasis of which is placed on the turbulent flame regime as well as the overall performance analysis. This combustor operates in a scramjet mode with a global equivalence ratio of 0.124, as the chemical heat released is not enough to form thermal chocking. The code framework utilizes an adaptive central-upwind weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme with a low numerical dissipation to accurately capture turbulent structures in the flowfields, and an assumed probability density function approach to close the terms of the production rate of species. Turbulent fluctuations in the incoming boundary layer are initiated and sustained by a multi-wall recycling/rescaling technique, augmenting the mixing degree of the jet and crossflow. The numerical results show that the large scale vortices between the adjacent jet wakes interfere with each other in the downstream, resulting in a portion of the premixed flame. However, the turbulent diffusion combustion still dominates the whole combustor, occurring in a widespread range of Mach number. And the violent chemical reaction favours a high-temperature environment with a proper scalar dissipation rate. The diameter of multiple jets is smaller in comparison to that of the single injection, so that its penetration height is a little lower under the same spout pressure. Altogether, the parallel injection strategy is beneficial to improve the overall combustor performance, and will not lead to excessive total pressure loss.     

降噪高分子材料及其应用

降噪材料按降噪机理可分为阻尼减振材料、吸声材料和隔声材料。降噪高分子材料可广泛应用于建筑、交通、化工和生活等各个领域。综述了降噪高分子材料的主要种类及其作用机理，并对高分子降噪材料的研究现状和应用情况作了简单的介绍。     

Fracture behavior of bimodal polyethylene: Effect of molecular weight distribution characteristics

A series of bimodal polyethylenes with different molecular weight distribution characteristics were prepared by melt blending, and the fracture behavior of these bimodal polyethylenes was studied by the method of essential work of fracture. The results show that specific essential work of fracture, w_e, increases obviously with the molecular weight distribution characteristic, A_L/U, indicating the improvement of the resistance to crack propagation. By means of successive self-nucleation and annealing analysis, obvious variations in the crystal structures of bimodal polyethylenes with increasing A_L/U have been found. That is, the crystal size and the amount of relatively thick lamellas increase with A_L/U, but no large variation of crystallinities has been observed. So, the influence of A_L/U is mainly on the crystal perfection, the improvement of which produces an enhancement of fracture toughness since more energy would be dissipated in the superior network structure constructed from crystalline zones and amorphous zones.     

活性炭纤维的结构调控及其在水处理中的应用

介绍了活性炭纤维的孔结构、表面化学性质及吸附性能,在此基础上阐述了化学气相炭沉积、电极氧化、溶液浸渍、等离子体改性等8种活性炭纤维的结构调控方法,并展望了活性炭纤维在水体净化、有机废水处理和含重金属废水处理中的应用前景.     

聚乳酸吹膜过程中传热系数的研究

本文以聚乳酸（PLA）为实验原料,通过FLUKE热像仪采集聚乳酸在挤出吹膜过程中的温度场,进一步研究不同冷却风（Qv=0,0.66,1.33,2L/s）以及不同吹胀比（BUR=1.7,2.3）对聚乳酸吹膜过程中传热系数的影响,同时本文亦对传热系数随高度的变化在低风量下和高风量下进行了拟合。研究结果表明,随着风量的增大,温度下降速率增大;低风量下(Qv=0,0.66L/s),随着风量的增大,对传热系数影响较小;高风量下（Qv=1.32,2L/s）,随着风量的增大,在距口模出口高度Z=0～0.03m内传热系数增大较明显。随着吹胀比的增大,温度下降速率增大,在口模位置处传热系数增大较明显;在低风量以及高风量条件下,传热系数可近似表示为高度Z的函数关系式。     

三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂微胶囊包覆聚磷酸铵阻燃PP的性能

通过原位聚合法制备三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(MF)微胶囊包覆聚磷酸铵(APP)粒子,研究了APP粒径对微胶囊化APP(MCAPP)结构与性能的影响。将两种MCAPP(APP平均粒径分别为5,15μm)添加至聚丙烯(PP)基体中,研究了PP/MCAPP阻燃材料的性能。结果表明:不同粒径的APP均能成功被MF包覆,且包覆后的APP粒子的水溶性均大幅下降。PP/MCAPP阻燃材料的耐渗析性和极限氧指数均得到一定程度的提高。粒径小的APP有利于MF的包覆,包覆结构层更完整。MF和APP有很好的协同作用,在APP包覆不完全的情况下,能更有效地发挥两者的相互作用,提高PP复合材料的阻燃性。     

高收率黏胶基活性炭纤维的制备及其净水效果

以黏胶纤维为原料制备了高收率活性炭纤维。磷酸氢二铵预处理可使黏胶纤维的炭化收率由20%提高到44%,提出了磷酸氢二铵预处理提高黏胶纤维炭化收率的机理。以水蒸气为活化剂,当活化温度为950℃,活化时间为30 min时,所制活性炭纤维的比表面积可达1 680 m2/g。开发了活性炭纤维净水器,并考察了其净化效果,研究结果表明:该活性炭纤维净水器具有很好的净水效果,出水CODMn为0.88 mg/L,远优于GB 5749—2006规定的CODMn≤3 mg/L的要求。     

高性能碳基储能材料的设计、合成与应用

电化学储能器件的性能很大程度上决定于其电极材料。碳材料具有来源广泛、化学稳定性好、易于调控、环境友好等优点,被广泛应用于各类能量存储系统,但仍存在能量密度低、倍率性能差等问题。本文从碳材料孔结构调控、杂原子掺杂、与金属氧化物复合三个角度,综述了构建高性能碳基储能材料的设计合成策略,介绍了其在锂/钠离子二次电池、超级电容器等领域的研究进展,对几种方法策略的优缺点进行了总结,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本文对高性能碳基储能电极材料的设计开发具有积极意义。     

催化裂化提升管反应器不可测输入的在线观测

在非线性系统观测理论基础上给出满足一定条件的不可测输入可观性的简化充分性条件,在此基础上分析催化裂化提升管反应器（FCCU）不可测输入的可观测条件,提出一更为有效的观测方案,给出仿真结果和工业运行结果.