High voltage (>1kV) and high current gain (32) 4H-SiC power BJTs using Al-free ohmic contact to the base

This letter reports the design and fabrication of 4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors with both high voltage (>1kV) and high dc current gain (/spl beta/=32) at a collector current level of I/sub c/=3.83A (J/sub c/=319 A/cm/sup 2/). An Al-free base ohmic contact has been used which, when compared with BJTs fabricated with Al-based base contact, shows clearly improved blocking voltage. A specific on-resistance of 17 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ has been achieved for collector current densities up to 289 A/cm/sup 2/.     

Apply geometric duality to energy-efficient non-local phenomenon awareness using sensor networks

A powerful concept to cope with resource limitations and information redundancy in wireless sensor networks is the use of collaboration groups to distill information within the network and suppress unnecessary activities. When the phenomena to be monitored have large geographical extents, it is not obvious how to define these collaboration groups. This article presents the application of geometric duality to form such groups for sensor selection and non-local phenomena tracking. Using a dual-space transformation, which maps a non-local phenomenon (e.g., the edge of a half-plane shadow) to a single point in the dual space and maps locations of distributed sensor nodes to a set of lines that partitions the dual space, one can turn off the majority of the sensors to achieve resource preservation without losing detection and tracking accuracy. Since the group so defined may consist of nodes that are far away in physical space, we propose a hierarchical architecture that uses a small number of computationally powerful nodes and a massive number of power constrained motes. By taking advantage of the continuity of physical phenomena and the duality principle, we can greatly reduce the power consumption in non-local phenomena tracking and extend the lifetime of the network.     

Entity-relationship modeling

The entity-relationship (ER) model and its accompanying ER diagrams are widely used for database design and systems analysis. Many books and articles just provide a definition of each modeling component and give examples of the pre-built ER diagrams. As a result, beginners in data modeling have a great deal of difficulty learning how to approach a given problem, what questions to ask in order to build a model, what rules to use while constructing an ER diagram, and why one diagram is better than another. The authors present step-by-step guidelines, a set of decision rules proven to be useful in building ER diagrams, and a case study problem with a preferred answer as well as a set of incorrect diagrams for the problem. These guidelines and decision rules have been successfully used in their beginning database management system course     

Methylaluminoxane/haloalkane as initiator system for styrene polymerization

Summary Styrene polymerization was initiated by methylaluminoxane in the presence of haloalkane. The propagating species are shown by trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance to be both radicals and cations.     

Rugorous analysis of planar waveguides with two-dimensionally periodic layer

Rigorous analysis of planar waveguides with two-dimensionally periodic (2DP) layer is presented. Characteristic solutions in periodic layer are exactly represented by a double Fourier series known as the Floquet solutions. The vector amplitudes of space harmonics are proved to be governed by five-term recurrence relation in the operator-vector form for sinusoidal modulation. A general transmission-line network representation of two-dimensionally periodic medium and multiport network representation of uniform-periodic-medium interface are introduced. Any layered structures cascading with periodic ones can be analyzed. Numerical results based on the established theory are also presented to illustrate characteristics of 2DP medium and structure.     

45% efficient silicon photovoltaic cell under monochromatic light

Improvements in the performance of silicon photovoltaic cells for solar applications are adapted for nonsolar photovoltaic applications. Improved monochromatic light efficiencies above 45% are reported including efficiencies close to 40% for relatively long-wavelength (1.064 μm) light as produced by neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers     

中小油田集输站含油污水除油技术研究及应用

华东石油局的各中小油田分散于苏北河网地区,采油污水难以集中处理。根据这一特点,研制出了一套三级粗粒化油水分离处理装置。该装置实现了污水供给、废油回收、水温防冻电加热、水质含油浓度自检、达标排放自动化,形成了一套较适用于中、小油田的采油污水除油处理技术。     

空间三重奏

设计的确是一项非常有趣的工作，就如同一位导演运用出色的技巧掌控有限的预算，为观众呈现令人回味的剧情，逼真的音效和异彩纷呈的视觉映像，这无疑是三个紧密相扣的环。