氯化胆碱—乙二醇低共熔溶剂中高效电解回收废铅膏制备铅粉

本工作采用摩尔比为1:2的氯化胆碱-乙二醇低共熔溶剂(ChCl-EG DES)作为电解质，研究了对废旧铅酸蓄电池铅膏(Scrap Lead Paste, SLP)进行电解回收制备铅粉。通过循环伏安法探讨了30 g/L SLP+ChCl-EG体系中沉积铅的电化学行为，采用XRD和SEM检测手段分析了不同温度下沉积产物的物相和微观形貌。结果表明，废铅膏在ChCl-EG中还原为金属铅是一个受扩散控制的准可逆过程，恒电位沉积实验发现，当实验温度为363 K时，电流效率达96.06%，电能单耗为673.28 kWh/t。不同温度下电沉积得到的产物均为金属铅粉，其微观形貌主要为棒状，有少量呈现针状、团簇状，长度约为10～60μm，直径<5μm。     

基于改进分数阶Tikhonov正则化的桥梁移动载荷识别

针对整数阶Tikhonov正则化方法识别桥梁移动载荷识别精度较差的问题，提出一种基于改进分数阶Tikhonov正则化的桥梁移动载荷识别方法。根据时域法理论建立桥梁移动载荷识别模型，模拟双轴车辆在桥梁上行驶过程，通过核函数方法将移动载荷表示为弯矩响应和加速度响应核函数的微分形式，采用离散化方法将微分方程转化为线性方程组，通过改进分数阶Tikhonov正则化方法进行求解。结果表明：较分数阶Tikhonov正则化方法和整数阶Tikhonov正则化方法，采用改进分数阶Tikhonov正则化方法的移动载荷识别结果在识别精度和抗噪性上都有一定优势，且改进分数阶Tikhonov正则化方法在低噪声水平下载荷识别精度较高，识别误差仅为分数阶Tikhonov正则化方法的15%；识别结果受弯矩响应影响较小，且具有良好的鲁棒性，更适用于桥梁移动载荷的现场识别。     

美国高温适应规划探索及凤凰城实践的探究与启示

全球气候变暖和城市热岛效应加剧，城 市极端高温频发，严重威胁居民健康安全和城 市高质量发展。积极应对城市高温频发增发的 复合趋势已成为当今世界及今后人类共同面临 的挑战，不同类型的空间适应性实践与关注频 率都显著性上升， 但目前仍缺少明确且完善的 高温适应规划体系，美国作为国际高温适应规 划的先行代表，积累了一定的高温规划实践探索 经验。因此，本文通过梳理美国高温适应规划 编制实践，剖析“首席高温官制度、适应规划体 系、线上—线下技术支持”三大启示经验，以美 国典型高温城市亚利桑那州凤凰城的高温应对 为例，详细阐述地方州府在综合规划、分区规 划、功能性规划、高温应对规划四个不同层面以 及基于城市和社区两个不同尺度的高温应对规 划实践探索。结合我国地理国情与空间规划编 制体系，围绕构建气候适应性的高温应对规划 目标，借鉴美国凤凰城高温应对的实践经验，提 出建立“线上—线下”高温适应规划框架、多层级的规划编制体系、多主体多目标相结合的绩效评估机制。本文旨在推进我国构建完整明确的高 温编制体系落地与实践提供借鉴。     

Sequential Architecture Induced Strange Dielectric-Magnetic Behaviors in Ferromagnetic Microwave Absorber

The high filler loading (FL) is a bottleneck in developing lightweight ferromagnetic microwave absorbers (MAs) for the actual applications. Sequential architecture design of MAs can induce strange physical behaviors due to the unique coupling-enhancement effect between functional units, providing a vast potential for achieving high microwave absorption performance. However, the FLs of current sequential MAs fail to be designed on demand because the strange dielectric-magnetic behaviors cannot be fulfilled. The influence of sequential architecture engineering on the macroscopic properties or microscopic loss mechanism still needs more exploration. Herein, based on four mesoscopic models (particles, chains, bundles, and fibers) of ferromagnetic functional units, a series of ferromagnetic MAs with different sequential architectures are prepared via a bottom-up self-assembly method. The fibrous samples exhibit the best microwave absorption performance (−51.3 dB, 4.12 GHz) at a breakthrough FL of 2 wt%, which is one order of magnitude less than other ferromagnetic MAs. Strange dielectric-magnetic behaviors, including negative permittivity and heterodromous chiral vortex, occur due to functional units with lateral and fibrous configurations. Further, four special models are established to reveal the microwave attenuation evolutionary mechanism. This study clarifies the relationship between sequential architecture and strange dielectric-magnetic behaviors, which provides new sight to understand microscopic electromagnetic loss mechanism.