基于应力-渗流-损伤耦合模型的重力坝三维水力劈裂数值模拟

裂缝的高压水力劈裂是混凝土高坝安全评估的重要部分。目前,重力坝水力劈裂的数值模拟绝大多数是二维的,对于坝体上游面经常出现的竖直裂缝的三维水力劈裂的数值研究几乎为零。本文提出一种应力-渗流-损伤耦合模型,用于混凝土重力坝三维水力劈裂的模拟。采用该耦合模型,模拟了一个内置裂缝的圆柱体试件的水力劈裂,数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,验证了所提耦合模型的合理性。在此基础上,采用该耦合模型,进行了国内某混凝土重力坝三维水力劈裂的模拟,数值模拟得到的损伤区域与设计院根据安全监测实测结果得到的范围基本吻合。研究结果表明:本文耦合模型可以方便、有效地进行重力坝三维水力劈裂的模拟,评估表面裂缝的危险程度。     

基于地形梯度的典型小流域景观类型分布特征分析——以高建堡流域为例

地形在一定程度上对土地利用方向和方式的变化以及土地利用空间格局的形成有着重要影响.以彭阳县高建堡流域为例,按生态恢复措施将流域划分成14种景观类型,利用GIS空间分析功能,借助DEM提取高程和坡度,分析高建堡流域2013年景观类型在不同高程带、坡度带的结构特征及在地形位梯度带上的分布特征,以期为该地区生态恢复及水土保持措施优化提供决策依据.结果表明:景观类型在1 722~1 822 m高程带分布最多;坡向以斜、陡坡居多,急、缓坡次之;荒山自然修复、混交林、沟谷景观分布的优势区间集中于低地形位区间,经果林、水平梯田、建设用地、乔木林及生物围栏等景观分布的优势区间集中于中地形位区间,退耕还林(草)及鱼鳞坑等分布的优势区间集中于中高地形位区间.     

近海大气环境下低矮RC剪力墙抗震性能试验

为了解近海大气环境下低矮RC剪力墙的抗震性能,采用人工气候实验室对6片剪跨比1.0的低矮RC剪力墙试件进行模拟近海大气环境腐蚀试验,进而对其进行拟静力试验,得到不同轴压比和不同锈胀裂缝宽度下腐蚀试件的滞回曲线,绘制出各个试件的骨架曲线,分析轴压比和锈胀裂缝宽度对腐蚀试件强度、刚度、延性、耗能能力等抗震性能指标的影响.结果表明:随轴压比增加,腐蚀试件的承载力和刚度不断提高,而延性和变形恢复能力却降低,表明在近海大气环境下对低矮RC剪力墙进行抗震设计时需要严格控制其轴压比;随锈胀裂缝宽度的增加,试件的开裂荷载和峰值荷载不断降低,刚度、延性和耗能能力均变差,当遭受腐蚀较为严重时,脆性破坏更为显著,说明在近海大气环境下低矮RC剪力墙内部钢筋锈蚀越来越严重,抗震性能越来越差.     

Dynamic cluster member selection method for multi-target tracking in wireless sensor network简

Multi-target tracking（MTT） is a research hotspot of wireless sensor networks at present.A self-organized dynamic cluster task allocation scheme is used to implement collaborative task allocation for MTT in WSN and a special cluster member（CM） node selection method is put forward in the scheme.An energy efficiency model was proposed under consideration of both energy consumption and remaining energy balance in the network.A tracking accuracy model based on area-sum principle was also presented through analyzing the localization accuracy of triangulation.Then,the two models mentioned above were combined to establish dynamic cluster member selection model for MTT where a comprehensive performance index function was designed to guide the CM node selection.This selection was fulfilled using genetic algorithm.Simulation results show that this method keeps both energy efficiency and tracking quality in optimal state,and also indicate the validity of genetic algorithm in implementing CM node selection.     

气溶胶和氡浓度变化对氡子体影响的探讨

为了得到气溶胶变化后对氡子体产生的影响,实验通过气溶胶粒径谱仪SMPS测试氡室内不同浓度气溶胶,分析气溶胶的变化情况,根据AlphaGUARD测氡仪以及AlphaPM子体仪测试变化的氡浓度不同气溶胶下子体变化情况。实验结果表明：在两个NaCl浓度的气溶胶条件下,气溶胶的总量随着气溶胶发生器中的NaCl浓度的增大而变大,由于氡子体结合态随气溶胶浓度改变,氡子体浓度也随气溶胶浓度的增大而增大。并且在相同气溶胶浓度情况下,氡子体的浓度随着氡浓度的增大而增大。     

基于流固耦合的闸板防喷器建模及有限元分析

为了更加准确地分析流体对闸板剪切力的影响规律,需要对闸板防喷器剪切钻杆进行流固耦合分析。以钻杆窜动和扭转2种动态工况为例,利用SolidWorks建立闸板防喷器三维模型,并对防喷器内部流体域进行有限元建模,输出到ANSYS Fluent进行有限元分析。结果表明:在闸板剪切钻杆过程中,流体达到稳态后,在钻杆窜动工况下,流体力随钻杆受载荷力增大而减小; 在钻杆扭转工况下,流体力随钻杆扭转角度而变化,在扭转90°时流体力最大。研究结果可为防喷器剪切闸板的剪切能力分析及结构设计提供参考。     

Multipath optical thermometry realized in CaSc2O4: Yb3+/Er3+ with high sensitivity and superior resolution

Design and fabrication of contactless optical thermometer with rapid and accurate performance has become a research hotspot in recent years. Herein, CaSc₂O₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ is employed as the intermediary for temperature sensing under the excitation of 980 nm, which is proven to afford an ultra-sensitive and high-resolution optical thermometry in multiple ways based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology. The optimal thermal sensing behaviors are realized by the FIR of Er³⁺:²H_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2 to ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2 transition, which has a relative sensitivity of 1184/T² and a minimal resolution of 0.03 K along with a maximal absolute error of 0.96 K. Besides that, the FIR between the thermally coupled Stark sublevels of Er³⁺:⁴F_9/2 manifold (FIR_R) as well as that of Er³⁺: ⁴I_13/2 manifold (FIR_N) can also provide excellent optical thermometry. The relative sensitivity of FIR_R-based and FIR_N-based optical thermometers are calculated to be 402/T² and 366/T², respectively, with a same minimal resolution of 0.09 K, which possess the potential to be used for biomedicine due to the inherent advantage of their operating wavelengths located in the biological window. The results demonstrate that CaSc₂O₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ is a promising candidate for temperature sensing with multipath, high sensitivity, and superior resolution.     

Sintering behaviors and properties of porous ceramics derived from artificially cultured diatom frustules

Bimodal porous ceramics with high strength have been fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy utilizing artificially cultured diatom frustules (DFs). The effect of sintering temperature on thermal behaviors, phase transition, and pore structures features of DFs-based porous ceramics is investigated between 800 and 1200°C. The phase evolution of DFs powders is investigated with thermal analysis (DIL and DSC-TG). Phase transition behaviors analyzed with XRD, Raman, and FT-IR spectra confirm the transformation of quartz into cristobalite phases occurs under 1050°C. Sintering under 950°C could bind DFs powders tightly into high strength porous ceramics while maintain the multilayer pore structures simultaneously, having porosity of 56.4%, compressive strength of 15.0 MPa and surface area of 50.9 m²/g, respectively. Slit-shaped microstructures and mesopores (2-50 nm) are observed in DFs-based porous ceramics sintered under 1050°C. Collapse and blockage of pore structures as well as partial fusion of DFs particles happened at the temperature of 1100°C, indicating the presence of diminished multilayers and particle agglomeration.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/gum tragacanth/cellulose nanocomposite film

The effects of gum tragacanth obtained from two species of Astragalus Gossypinus (GT-G) and A. Parrowianus (GT-P) at two levels of 10% and 30% combined with cellulose nanofibers (CNF; 5%) on the physico-mechanical and structural properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite film were investigated in this study. The water solubility and water vapor permeability of the films decreased with increasing the content of both gums, especially in the film containing 30% GT-P. The highest values of the tensile strength (39.3 MPa) and elongation at break (445%) belonged to the treatment containing 10% GT-P (90/10P/0). The FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed good interactions between GT and PVA in the 90/10P/0 treatment. SEM images indicated the dense structure of this film as the optimum treatment. Although the presence of CNF in the films containing GT-G improved some properties, especially the Young modulus, it impaired all the functional properties of nanocomposite GT-P film.     

VIENNA整流器的重复控制实现

VIENNA整流器应用非常广泛,有着很高的研究价值,如何抑制其电流谐波是控制设计的难点之一.在诸多控制方法中,比例谐振以及重复控制是较为突出的方法,而重复控制在抑制谐波方面,较比例谐振控制在控制器的结构上有着更为简单、便于实现的优势.针对VIENNA整流器比例积分(PI)重复控制的设计进行了分析.从理论上分析了其较单PI控制的优劣,从便于工程实现角度出发,介绍了重复控制应用于VIENNA整流器完整的设计步骤,并且通过实际应用验证了该方案的有效性.