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51.
The development of precise definitions of security for encryption, as well as a detailed understanding of their relationships,
has been a major area of research in modern cryptography.
Here, we focus on the case of private-key encryption. Extending security notions from the public-key setting, we define security
in the sense of both indistinguishability and non-malleability against chosen-plaintext and chosen-ciphertext attacks, considering
both non-adaptive (i.e., ``lunchtime') and adaptive oracle access (adaptive here refers to an adversary's ability to interact
with a given oracle even after viewing the challenge ciphertext). We then characterize the 18 resulting security notions in
two ways. First, we construct a complete hierarchy of security notions; that is, for every pair of definitions we show whether
one definition is stronger than the other, whether the definitions are equivalent, or whether they are incomparable. Second,
we partition these notions of security into two classes (computational or information-theoretic) depending on whether one-way
functions are necessary in order for encryption schemes satisfying the definition to exist. Perhaps our most surprising result
is that security against adaptive chosen-plaintext attack is (polynomially) equivalent to security against non-adaptive chosen-plaintext
attack. On the other hand, the ability of an adversary to mount a (non-adaptive) chosen-plaintext attack is the key feature
distinguishing computational and information-theoretic notions of security. These results hold for all security notions considered
here. 相似文献
52.
Shin BS Kim CH Jun YS Yoon CH Rho JI Lee KC Han HS Yoo SD 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2004,30(8):869-876
Rebamipide is an anti-ulcer agent exhibiting a low aqueous solubility and a poor oral bioavailability. This study was conducted to examine if the rebamipide lysinate salt form would exhibit improved solubility profiles and higher oral bioavailability compared with rebamipide free acid. Both compounds showed pH-dependent solubility profiles, with the solubility of rebamipide lysinate dramatically improved at a median pH of 5.1 (17-fold increases) over free acid, but the improvement in the solubility was not as pronounced in artificial gastric and intestinal fluids (1.4- and 1.9-fold increases, respectively). The Cl, Vss and t1/2 in rats after i.v. injection of rebamipide (0.5 mg/kg) averaged 21.0 ± 3.2 ml/min/kg, 0.3 ± 0.0 L/kg, and 0.4 ± 0.1 hr, respectively. No significant difference was observed in these parameters between rebamipide and rebamipide lysinate. Despite improved solubility profiles, the absolute oral bioavailability of rebamipide lysinate was not increased (5.1 vs. 4.8%) nor did AUC (407.8 vs. 383.6 ng.hr/ml) and Cmax (87.4 vs.77.0 ng/ml) compared with rebamipide free acid. Rebamipide lysinate, however, showed a more rapid absorption, and initial serum drug concentrations were higher than those found for rebamipide free acid. 相似文献
53.
Protein‐Encapsulated Catalysts: WO3 Nanofiber‐Based Biomarker Detectors Enabled by Protein‐Encapsulated Catalyst Self‐Assembled on Polystyrene Colloid Templates (Small 7/2016) 下载免费PDF全文
54.
55.
Wearable Sensors: Silver Nanowire Embedded Colorless Polyimide Heater for Wearable Chemical Sensors: Improved Reversible Reaction Kinetics of Optically Reduced Graphene Oxide (Small 42/2016) 下载免费PDF全文
Seon‐Jin Choi Sang‐Joon Kim Ji‐Soo Jang Ji‐Hyun Lee Il‐Doo Kim 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,12(42):5781-5781
56.
Jung Hoon Kim Chang Soo Kim Chang Seon Lim 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(7):754-759
In order to analyze and compare the absorbed radiation dose and dose rate of visual organs (eyes, corneas, and lenses) of the head with the surrounding areas of the head during CT scans, a mathematical head phantom was created. In addition, the amount of radiation exposure reduced when using an eye shield was also analyzed. According to the results, it was found that the absorbed dose was highest when using 120 kV (as compared to 80 kV and 100 kV) and the absorbed dose rate of the visual organs compared to the head was about 1.35% for the eyes, 0.9% for the corneas, and 0.095% for the lenses. Finally, it was shown that the dose reduction rate of each organ when using an eye shield was about 24% for the eyes, about 22% for the corneas, and more than 40% for the lenses. 相似文献
57.
A case study on detection and sizing of defects in steam generator tubes using eddy current testing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eddy current testing (ECT) method is widely used to detect various types of defects occurring in nuclear steam generator tubes. Therefore, the reliability of its detection and sizing accuracy for defects should be validated. For this purpose, two tubes with defect signals were pulled from an operating steam generator and destructively examined. The defect type was a circumferential crack for one tube and an intergranular attack (IGA) for the other tube. The plus point coil probe showed a better capability to detect and size both a circumferential crack and a volumetric IGA than pancake and bobbin coil probe. The destructive results are correlated with the ECT results obtained during the in-service inspection. 相似文献
58.
This paper proposes a distributed ATM VP PVC restoration framework with the dynamic rerouting schemes in a hierarchical transport network. The rerouting algorithm aims to provide rapid ATM VP PVC restoration in the case of fault or performance degradation in terms of maximization of network resource utilization and satisfaction of the end user's QoS requirement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
59.
Somin Shin Ki Seon Lee Seoung Duck Park Jae Su Kwak 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2009,23(3):624-630
Heat transfer coefficients were measured in a channel with one side dimpled surface. The sphere type dimples were fabricated,
and the diameter (D) and the depth of dimple was 16 mm and 4 mm, respectively. Two channel heights of about 0.6D and 1.2D,
two dimple configurations were tested. The Reynolds number based on the channel hydraulic diameter was varied from 30000 to
50000. The improved hue detection based transient liquid crystal technique was used in the heat transfer measurement. Heat
transfer measurement results showed that high heat transfer was induced downstream of the dimples due to flow reattachment.
Due to the flow recirculation on the upstream side in the dimple, the heat transfer coefficient was very low. As the Reynolds
increased, the overall heat transfer coefficients also increased. With the same dimple arrangement, the heat transfer coefficients
and the thermal performance factors were higher for the lower channel height. As the distance between the dimples became smaller,
the overall heat transfer coefficient and the thermal performance factors increased.
This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Yong Tae Kang
Jae Su Kwak received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Korea University in 1996 and 1998, respectively. He then
received his Ph.D. from Texas A&M University in 2002. Dr. Kwak is currently an Assistant Professor at the School of Aerospace
and Mechanical Engineering at Korea Aerospace University in Goyang-City, Korea. His main research interests include gas turbine
heat transfer, compact heat exchanger, and enhancement of heat transfer. 相似文献
60.
Dong‐Seon Won Jin‐Hyang Kim Hyo Jin No You Jin Cho Ju‐Yeon Lee Bum Ku Rhee Hee‐Dok Choi 《Polymer International》2010,59(2):162-168
Stabilization of electrically induced dipole alignment is one of the important criteria in the development of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers for electro‐optic device applications. Polyurethanes for NLO applications have attracted attention because of their high thermal stability due to hydrogen bonding. In the work reported here, we designed and synthesized a new type of NLO polyurethane, in which the pendant NLO chromophores are part of the polymer backbone. This mid‐type NLO polymer is expected to have the merits of both main‐chain and side‐chain NLO polymers, namely stable dipole alignment and good solubility. 1‐[3,4‐Di‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]‐2‐(2‐thienyl)ethene was prepared and condensed with 3,3′‐dimethoxy‐4,4′‐biphenylenediisocyanate to yield a polyurethane. This polyurethane was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give a novel Y‐type polyurethane (7) containing 1‐(3,4‐dioxyphenyl)‐2‐[5‐(1,2,2‐tricyanovinyl)‐2‐thienyl]ethenes as NLO chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone. Polyurethane 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 280 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with a glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of ca 162 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of a poled polymer film of he polyurethane at 1560 nm fundamental wavelength is ca 1.11 × 10?18 C. Polymer 7 exhibits an enhanced thermal stability and no significant SHG decay is observed below 150 °C, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献