三峡水库综合利用调度关键技术研究与实践

为全面提升三峡工程的综合利用效益,三峡水库蓄水以来对规划设计的水库调度方式进行了优化研究与实践。文章对其关键技术进行分析总结,主要有协调防洪、发电、航运、供水和生态等多目标需求的技术、调度风险控制技术、调度决策优化技术、编制调度规程以规范调度工作等。通过分析以寻求不断完善三峡水库综合利用调度方式的路径,力求实现三峡工程效益最优,成为环境友好且对社会公益性贡献突出的跨世纪宏伟工程。     

太阳能热水器防雷措施

目前国家尚未出台有关太阳能热水器防雷安装和验收标准,导致当前太阳能热水器防雷安装和验收标准不一,存在较大的安全隐患。通过对照有关规范,分析了当前太阳能热水器防雷措施存在的一些错误做法,提出一种新的太阳能热水器的防雷做法,供防雷技术人员和施工安装人员参考。     

In planta Mechanism of Action of Leptospermone: Impact of Its Physico-Chemical Properties on Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism

Leptospermone is a natural β-triketone that specifically inhibits the enzyme p-hydrophyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, the same molecular target site as that of the commercial herbicide mesotrione. The β-triketone-rich essential oil of Leptospermum scoparium has both preemergence and postemergence herbicidal activity, resulting in bleaching of treated plants and dramatic growth reduction. Radiolabeled leptospermone was synthesized to investigate the in planta mechanism of action of this natural herbicide. Approximately 50 % of the absorbed leptospermone was translocated to the foliage suggesting rapid acropetal movement of the molecule. On the other hand, very little leptospermone was translocated away from the point of application on the foliage, indicating poor phloem mobility. These observations are consistent with the physico-chemical properties of leptospermone, such as its experimentally measured logP and pK _a values, and molecular mass, number of hydrogen donors and acceptors, and number of rotatable bonds. Consequently, leptospermone is taken up readily by roots and translocated to reach its molecular target site. This provides additional evidence that the anecdotal observation of allelopathic suppression of plant growth under β-triketone-producing species may be due to the release of these phytotoxins in soils.     

低温煤焦油超声萃取物的组成分析

对榆林地区低温煤焦油通过超声萃取进行分离,并利用GC-MS对萃取物中的有机质进行了分析.结果表明,榆林地区低温煤焦油中芳烃总体含量最高,且芳烃组分呈现的特点是种类多,各组分含量不高;烷烃含量次之,其中多为正构烷烃,支链烷烃较少.此外还有一定量的烯烃、酚、其他含氧化合物、含氮化合物等,但这些化合物相对含量较少.     

VN微合金化超细晶高强钢的组织性能研究

基于电炉薄板坯连铸连轧流程氮高的特点,采用VN微合金化的成分设计,通过炼钢、连铸、均热、轧制和冷却各工艺过程的控制研究,开发了VN微合金超细晶高强钢板。钢板屈服强度达到了550MPa级,铁素体晶粒尺寸达到了3．0～4．0μm,具有良好的韧性、冷成形性能和焊接性能,满足汽车、工程机械制造等行业的要求。     

双型钢混凝土转换梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

以广东某高层建筑为工程背景,针对大跨度转换结构,提出了双型钢混凝土转换梁柱节点的构造组合形式,通过对2个转换节点的竖向和水平荷载作用下的低周反复荷载试验,研究了节点的破坏形态、承载能力、刚度、滞回特性、延性、耗能能力及关键位置钢筋和型钢的应变等性能。试验结果表明：转换梁内置双型钢腹板形成的封闭空间对混凝土有约束作用,提高了节点区混凝土的抗剪能力;双型钢混凝土转换梁柱节点的滞回曲线饱满,极限变形能力较强,承载力较高,刚度、延性和耗能能力均较好;被转换柱与双型钢混凝土梁采用“端板螺栓连接”实现了“在被转换柱底部先出现塑性铰”,达到了“强梁强柱,更强节点”和“强转换层,弱框架层”目的。     

A miniature concentrating photovoltaic and thermal system

A novel miniature concentrating PV (MCPV) system is presented and analyzed. The system is producing both electrical and thermal energy, which is supplied to a nearby consumer. In contrast to PV/thermal (PV/T) flat collectors, the heat from an MCPV collector is not limited to low-temperature applications. The work reported here refers to the evaluation and preliminary design of the MCPV approach. The heat transport system, the electric and thermal performance, the manufacturing cost, and the resulting cost of energy in case of domestic water heating have been analyzed. The results show that the new approach has promising prospects.     

Elastic properties of β-uranium and the martensitic α′-phase in uranium-gallium alloys

Ultrasonic sound velocity measurements were used to determine the elastic constants, Young, shear, and bulk moduli of polycrystalline, β-stabilized uranium 1.6 and 2.3 at. pct gallium alloys, between 77 and 300 K. Measurements were also made, at constant heating rate from 273 to 473 K, to follow the variation of the elastic constants during the transformation from the stabilized β into the distorted orthorhombic α′-structure of uranium. The Young and shear moduli in the α′-structure are higher by about 30 pct than those in β-uranium.     

The structure of R(1-x)Ga2(1- x)(0 < x < 0.33) and its relation to RGa6 (R = Rare Earth Element) and Ga

X-ray diffraction studies were used to investigate the wide solubility range of Ga in RGa₂ type compounds observed in several systems of light rare earth metals (= R) with Ga. A model, based on pairwise substitution of R atoms by Ga atoms, is suggested to explain the observed wide solubility. Using this model it is possible to explain the change in lattice parameters of the ε phase having the formula R(_1-x)Ga₂(_1+x). The structural relationships among the phases RGa₂, R(_1-x)Ga₂(_1+x,RGa₆, and pure Ga are delineated, and the common feature of these phases which belong to widely different crystal systems is shown.