Extracting lexical and phrasal paraphrases: a review of the literature

Recent advances in natural language processing have increased the popularity of paraphrase extraction. Most of the attention, however, has been focused on the extraction methods only without taking the resource factor into the consideration. Unknowingly, there is a strong relationship between them and the resource factor also plays an equally important role in paraphrase extraction. In addition, almost all of the previous studies have been focused on corpus-based methods that extract paraphrases from corpora based solely on syntactic similarity. Despite the popularity of corpus-based methods, a considerable amount of research has consistently shown that these methods are vulnerable to several types of erroneous paraphrases. For these reasons, it is necessary to evaluate whether the trend is moving in a positive direction. This paper reviews the major research on paraphrase extraction methods in detail. It begins by exploring the definition of paraphrase from different perspectives to provide a better understanding of the concept of paraphrase extraction. It then studies the characteristics and potential uses of different types of paraphrase resources. After that, it divides paraphrase extraction methods into four main categories: heuristic-based, knowledge-based, corpus-based and hybrid-based and summarizes their strengths and weaknesses. This paper concludes with some potential open research issues for future directions.     

Acidity and basicity of hydrotalcite derived mixed Mg-Al oxides studied by test reaction of MBOH conversion and temperature programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2

Mg-Al hydrotalcites intercalated with five different interlayer anions—CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, HPO₄²⁻ or terephthalate—were synthesized by either the coprecipitation or ion-exchange method. The structure of the as-synthesized samples and the presence of intended anions in the interlayer gallery of hydrotalcites were determined by X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. On calcination at 600 °C the materials were transformed into mixed metal oxides. The kind of the counterbalancing anions present in the parent hydrotalcite influences strongly textural parameters of the obtained Mg-Al oxides. Both temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃ and CO₂, and test reaction of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBOH) conversion were used to determine the acidity and basicity of the samples. The hydrotalcite derived mixed Mg-Al oxides showed the presence of Brønsted and Lewis acid and base sites. However, the strong basic character of the solids caused that acetone and acetylene were observed as the major products of MBOH conversion.     

Simultaneously achievement of high recoverable energy density and efficiency in sodium niobate-based ceramics

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Single lead-free Na0.73Bi0.09(Nb1???xTax)O3 (x?=?0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40) ceramic phases were processed...     

Instant Cyclohexene Epoxidation Over Ni-TUD-1 Under Ambient Conditions

Catalysis Letters - To avoid the aggregation problem and activity loss of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) in organic reactions, NiO NPs were incorporated into TUD-1 mesoporous material....     

Google Scholar University Ranking Algorithm to Evaluate the Quality of Institutional Research

Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education, and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education, research projects, theses, and dissertations, which has always been controversial. Hence, this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world. The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar (GS), as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework (UK-REF) process. For this purpose, the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ ranking based on their source. The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues: Firstly, Redundant profiles, which increased their citation and rank to produce false results. Secondly, the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations. Thirdly, the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’ profiles. To accomplish this task, the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation. The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data, and afterward, it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’ analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations. The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research. Furthermore, experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modification made by the proposed taxonomy. This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.     

A user-guided personalization methodology to facilitate new smart home occupancy

Smart homes are becoming increasingly popular in providing people with the services they desire. Activity recognition is a fundamental task to provide personalised home facilities. Many promising approaches are being used for activity recognition; one of them is data-driven. It has some fascinating features and advantages. However, there are drawbacks such as the lack of ability to providing home automation from the day one due to the limited data available. In this paper, we propose an approach, called READY (useR-guided nEw smart home ADaptation sYstem) for developing a personalised automation system that provides the user with smart home services the moment they move into their new house. The system development process was strongly user-centred, involving users in every step of the system’s design. Later, the user-guided transfer learning approach was introduced that uses an old smart home data set to enhance the existing smart home service with user contributions. Finally, the proposed approach and designed system were tested and validated in the smart lab that showed promising results.

     

Analysis of muscle activity during gait cycle using fuzzy rule-based reasoning

The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of muscle activation as outcome measures of the ground reaction forces during normal walking tasks using optical motion analysis capture system, instrumented treadmill and electromyography (EMG), respectively. The recognition of the muscle patterns during gait dynamics offers insight into the control of skeletal position, joint stiffness, vibrations of the soft tissue packages, stability during ground contact, and propulsion for the movement task. Sixteen able-bodied participants were recruited to walk on a dual-belt instrumented treadmill with embedded force plates. A fuzzy rule-based reasoning algorithm for recognizing the activation patterns of the lower extremity muscles during normal walking maneuvers within the seven gait phases was developed. The resulting recognition will enable the determination of alterations in the locomotor control system, contribute to suggest symptoms of a neurological disease, disease severity, and also indications of improvements in response to therapeutic interventions.     

A discrete-time internal model-based controller and its application to a binary distillation column

Explicit state-space formulae for an ^∞ two degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) Internal Model Control (IMC)-based controller are derived. The IMC controller solves a special ^∞ control problem directly in discrete-time, providing robust stability against coprime factor uncertainty, and a degree of robust performance in the sense of making the closed-loop system match a pre-specified reference model. The IMC controller structure is shown to comprise a plant state observer, an on-line step response model, and a generalised state-feedback law associated with the plant and model states. A design for a binary (methanol/water) distillation column is presented as an illustrative example.