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11.
Murray Slovick 《今日电子》2008,(7)
石油价格攀升和全球变暖导致了人们对清洁能源的需求,2008年最常搜索的单词就是“绿色”。由于普通美国人每年直接排放的二氧化碳大约是10吨(包括家庭、汽车,以及人们旅行所排放的),而在日常生活中(购买服装、食品等)每年间接排放的大约是23吨,所以公众已经很快表现出了对绿色产品的钟爱, 相似文献
12.
JR Perry SS Deodhare JM Bilbao D Murray P Muller 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,32(2):157-162
Sex hormones have profound effects on immune responses and may influence the outcome of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the effect of gonadal steroids on the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, cytokines believed to be important in the pathogenesis of RA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy male donors and male patients with RA, and were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of different concentrations of 17-beta-estradiol, progesterone or testosterone. In studies of cells from normal male donors, 17-beta-estradiol at pharmacological concentrations (> or = 10(-6) M) enhanced IL-1 and IL-6 secretion as well as the production of cell-associated IL-1. Progesterone and testosterone at similar concentrations inhibited IL-1 secretion but had no significant effect on IL-6 secretion or on the production of cell-associated IL-1. In studies of male RA donors, 17-beta-estradiol failed to enhance IL-1 or IL-6 secretion and progesterone failed to inhibit IL-1 secretion. The inhibitory effects of testosterone, however, appeared to be similar to that in normal donors. It is suggested that 17-beta-estradiol may promote IL-1 and IL-6 production and release, while gestation hormone, progesterone, and testosterone may inhibit IL-1 release in vivo. These data may partly explain the gender and age differences in the incidence of RA and the development of the disease in men with low and androgen levels. 相似文献
13.
LM Powell DT Dryden DF Willcock RH Pain NE Murray 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,234(1):60-71
The methyltransferase of the EcoK type I restriction/modification system is trimeric, M2S1, where the S subunit determines the sequence specificity of the enzyme. The methyltransferase has a strong preference for hemimethylated substrate DNA and, therefore, we have investigated the effect of the methylation state of DNA on binding by the enzyme, together with the effects on binding of the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Our results indicate that the methyltransferase has two non-interacting S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding sites, each with a dissociation constant of 3.60 (+/- 0.42) microM determined by equilibrium dialysis, or 2.21 (+/- 0.29) microM determined by the displacement of a fluorescent probe. Ultraviolet light-induced crosslinking showed that S-adenosyl-L-methionine binds strongly only to the modification (M) subunits. Changes in the sedimentation velocity of the methyltransferase imply a protein conformational change due to S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding. Gel retardation results show that the binding of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the methyltransferase enhances binding to both specific and non-specific DNAs, but the enhancement is greater for the specific DNA. Differences in binding affinities contribute to the recognition of the specific nucleotide sequence AAC(N)6GTGC by the methyltransferase in preference to a non-specific sequence. In contrast, although the complexes of unmodified and hemimethylated DNAs with the methyltransferase have different mobilities in non-denaturing gels, there appears to be no contribution of binding affinity to the distinction between these two substrates. Therefore, the preference for a hemimethylated substrate must be due to a difference in catalysis. 相似文献
14.
BACKGROUND: Noncutaneous psammomatous melanotic schwannoma has recently been reported as an unusual component of Carney's complex (myxomas, spotty pigmentation, and endocrinopathy). The most common locations for this lesion include peripheral nerve roots and the gastrointestinal tract. OBSERVATIONS: A cutaneous psammomatous melanotic schwannoma is reported in a patient with known Carney's complex. This neoplasm was pseudoencapsulated, with epithelioid to spindle-shaped cells and no nuclear atypia. Immunostaining was positive for S100 protein and vimentin, as well for HMB-45 antibody. Electron microscopy showed melanosomes in cytoplasmic processes of cells that were ensheathed by layers of reduplicated basal lamina. CONCLUSIONS: Location in the superficial soft tissues is extremely unusual for psammomatous melanotic schwannomas. Recognition of this new cutaneous marker as a part of this complex may aid in identification of individuals at risk for cardiac myxomas. It is also important that this lesion is not mistaken for melanoma, given the strong HMB-45 positivity. 相似文献
15.
National and regional corporate spatial structure 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Much is known about the macro-impacts of business activities on national and regional economies; however, comparatively little
is known at the micro level about the impact spatial agglomeration of corporate wealth and performance has on urban systems.
This paper reports on a collaborative research project between the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute and Dun
and Bradstreet, an international financial credit agency, to analyse the spatial implications of corporate structure in metropolitan
regions. This paper analyses spatial patterns of medium to large businesses in three Australian State capital cities at the
postcode level in order to assess the agglomeration of corporate capital, sales, and performance. The research indicates that
ratio analysis can provide a useful insight into the competitiveness of metropolitan regions and the control corporate headquarters
have over decision making and investment processes. The findings of this research are of special interest to capital markets,
business and urban researchers in the Asia Pacific Region.
Received: September 1997/Accepted: September 2001 相似文献
16.
The superplastic properties of a rapidly solidified, high strength P/M Al alloy and the same alloy reinforced with SiC particulates
(SiC
p
) have been studied. To prepare superplastic test materials, a matrix alloy powder of composition 7.2Zn-2.4Mg-2Cu-0.2Zr-0.12Cr-0.2Co
(Kaiser PM-64) and the powder mixed with 10 to 20 vol pct SiC
p
(~5 μm diameter) were thermomechanically processed to very fine equiaxed grain structures of ~6 μm and ~8 μm, respectively.
Superplasticity in these materials was evaluated by characterizing (1) high temperature stability, (2) dynamic grain growth,
(3) strain rate sensitivity, (4) flow stress behavior, (5) cavitation and cavitation control, and (6) total superplastic strain.
It was observed that the PM-64 alloy could achieve a total elongation of over 800 pct, while the SiCp reinforced alloy could attain an elongation greater than 500 pct before failure. Also, it was shown that with the use of
hydrostatic pressure during superplastic flow, cavitation could be controlled. Observations were made of the effect SiC
p
reinforcement particles had on the superplastic flow stress behavior. Interpretations are proposed to explain the role of
particulates during superplastic straining. 相似文献
17.
This review explores the use of biological signaling methods to build silicon networks. Recent designs using a technique called `pulse stream', which employs fully analog, dynamic weight storage, are described. The pulse-stream concept is explained, and a comparison is made with conventional analog neural networks. An analog synapse based on the pulse-stream approach is presented. Chip details and simulation results are given 相似文献
18.
Corballis Michael C.; Murray Janice E.; Connolly Gary 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1989,15(6):1175
Subjects were timed as they decided whether individually presented probe letters were or were not contained in pairs of memorized sets of one, two, or four letters. One set was fixed in advance of a block of trials, while the other varied from trial to trial. In Experiments 1 and 2, subjects responded positively if the probe was in either set and negatively otherwise; in Experiment 3 they made different responses to fixed-set, varied-set, and negative probes. In all three experiments, reaction time (RT) to varied-set probes depended more on the size of the varied set than of the fixed set, whereas RT to fixed-set and negative probes depended more on the size of the fixed set. These results were generally consistent with the hypothesis that scanning of the two sets was at least to some extent concurrent rather than successive, with the fixed set scanned more slowly than the varied set. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
19.
Richard J. Murray 《Information Systems Management》1991,8(3):7-15
In today's competitive world, many organizations are pursuing total quality improvement programs, and as a result of these initiatives, are seeking to define world class capabilities. The organizations with these aspirations are trying to improve product and service quality, business process quality, or delivered quality, and are becoming aware that information technology is playing a more substantial role in realizing these quality goals. 相似文献
20.
AD Sandler C Schmidt K Richardson J Murray JW Maher 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,114(2):285-93; discussion 293-4
BACKGROUND: An increase in esophageal mucosal blood flow (MBF) may be an important protective mechanism against mucosal injury from noxious agents that are ingested or refluxed. This study investigated the changes in MBF and the regulation thereof after intraluminal application of noxious chemical stimuli. The role, if any, of substance P (SP) and nitric oxide (NO), two potent vasodilatory substances, and the vascular distribution of SP in the distal esophagus were evaluated. METHODS: Esophageal MBF was measured in anesthetized dogs with a laser Doppler flow probe attached to manometry and pH probes. MBF was measured before and after topical application of HCl (2 ml; 1N) or capsaicin (2 ml; 0.5%) in the distal esophagus. The effects on MBF of intraarterial SP and bradykinin were also determined. Pharmacologic antagonists and denervation procedures were used to delineate the mechanisms that regulate MBF. RESULTS: Sequential luminal applications of hydrochloric acid (HCl) or a single application of capsaicin increased MBF (p < 0.01). Topical intraluminal lidocaine blocked the response to capsaicin (p > 0.2) but not to HCl (p < 0.05). Abrupt increases in MBF occurred with intraarterial SP or bradykinin (p < 0.01). Neither atropine nor truncal vagotomy blocked the increase in MBF from these peptides or noxious stimuli. The NO synthesis antagonist NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) blocked the response to bradykinin and attenuated the response to HCl (p < 0.05). NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester did not affect the response to SP or capsaicin. A substance P antagonist blocked the effects of both capsaicin (p > 0.6) and SP (p > 0.1) but not that of HCl (p < 0.01) or bradykinin (p > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Intraluminal applications of HCl or capsaicin appear to stimulate increases in esophageal MBF by different mechanisms. HCl produces an adaptive response that appears dependent on the paracrine effect of NO. Capsaicin-sensitive neurons mediate vasodilation through SP neurotransmission, independent of extrinsic vagal or cholinergic innervation. 相似文献