Part II: An example of the use of the comsis software: simulation of an optical network which uses wavelength multiplexing,fsk modulation format and direct detection

This second article deals with using the Comsis software for a particular application. Simulation is used to determine the maximum channel density in presence of crosstalk. In a first part, the modelling of the system is described. The simulation parameters of different optical elements are given. The results show that in the case of channels modulated at 500 Mbitls using fsk modulation format, and a direct detection operation at 1,5 μm, a minimum spacing of 6 GHz can be obtained with a 2 dB penalty. Thus if only the bandwidth of the erbium doped fibre amplifier is taken into account, the maximum number of channels which can be used is 250. However if the fsr (free spectral range) of optical filter is taken into account, the maximun number of channels is limited to 30.     

Les enjeux économiques de ľinterconnexion des réseaux

The network interconnection and its regulation consist in solving the following dilemma: increase competition and preserve the universal service through access charges, which symbolizes today institutional organization within the telecommunication industry. This paper presents some of the economic and social factors that drive the interconnection policies namely ona (open network architecture) in the United States, or onp (open network provision) in Europe. In the first section, we list some social and economical issues related to open network policies. In the second section, we study the different answers brought up by the regulator through alternative interconnection price formulas. In conclusion, we discuss the stakes and risks of interconnection, while the technological evolution of network introduces intelligent software in switching équipement and implements the tremendous abilities of the digital broadband networks.     

基于Bezier和正交试验的涡轮叶片参数优化设计

涡轮的叶片型线在涡轮钻具设计中处于核心地位,对其进行优化设计具有重要的意义。基于Bezier曲线对涡轮叶片型线的表达式进行推导。以ø127 mm涡轮为例,应用计算流体力学软件Fluent对其进行数值模拟,并结合正交试验方法,以叶片形状控制参数为因素,以涡轮的转矩和效率为指标,对叶片型线进行优化。结果表明,此方法可综合考虑转矩和效率,得到水力性能优秀的叶片型线参数,为涡轮钻具的叶片设计和优化提供指导。     

粉煤灰低密度水泥浆在塔河油田堵漏中的应用

作为西北油田的重要勘探开发区块之一,塔河油田托普台区块大部分井存在二叠系,井深4 500~5 200m,厚度50~300m,在钻遇二叠系时漏失严重,塔河10区及12区部分无二叠系井也漏失严重,增加了正常钻进难度,耽误钻井时效,可能诱发井下复杂事故,对油井后期固井等作业影响很大。设计优选粉煤灰低密度水泥浆体系对二叠系进行堵漏。该水泥浆体系密度1.60g/cm~3左右,抗压强度6~8 MPa,漏失严重时可在水泥浆中添加5mm、10mm纤维进行复合堵漏,纤维在裂缝中架桥,形成空间网状结构,提高堵漏效果。该水泥浆体系在现场多口井的堵漏作业表明,能有效地提高地层承压能力,大大缩短了钻井周期,为后期钻井及固井施工创造了有利条件。     

松辽盆地四方坨子地区青山口组多级层序下辫状河三角洲沉积

四方坨子地区岩性复合油藏勘探潜力大,已在高台子、萨尔图油层提交了效益储量。因地层及沉积研究薄弱,储量区块外围勘探进展缓慢。以347口探井和开发井资料为基础,结合岩心观察,对青山口组开展多级层序划分和辫状河三角洲沉积微相分析工作。研究发现:依据构造变革面、岩相突变面、沉积作用转换面等可识别界面,青山口组可划分为1个二级层序(SSQqn)、3个三级层序(SQqn1、SQqn2、SQqn3)和12个四级层序(RST);青山口期发育辫状河三角洲—滨浅湖—半深湖、深湖沉积体系,其中辫状河三角洲相具有"多期正反韵律交替叠置、辫状带宽阔、河道频繁迁移改道、砂包泥"等特点。结合老井复查,预测青一段(F84井、F120井)、青二段(F52井、F79井)和青三段Ⅴ-Ⅷ砂组(F40井、F81井)为下步勘探目标。     

Locations and amplitudes of the extrema of the sinx/x function

This paper addresses the calculation of the extrema of the sin x/x function. First the Newton-Raphson method is used, which allows us to obtain the extrema locations very fast through the use of a recursion formula. Then a second approach is proposed, which gives the extrema locations and the extrema amplitudes in the form of series expansions. Simple, accurate algebraic expressions are derived.     

Extending the Kernighan/Lin Heuristic for Hardware and Software Functional Partitioning

The Kernighan/Lin graph partitioning heuristic, also known as min-cut or group migration, has been extended over several decades very successfully for circuit partitioning. Those extensions customized the heuristic and its associated data structure to rapidly compute the minimum-cut metric central to circuit partitioning; as such, those extensions are not directly applicable to other problems. In this paper, we extend the heuristic for functional partitioning, which in turn can solve the much investigated codesign problem of partitioning a system's coarse-grained functions among hardware and software components. The key extension customizes the heuristic and data structure to rapidly compute execution-time and communication metrics, crucial to hardware and software partitioning, and leads to near-linear time-complexity and excellent resulting quality. Another extension uses a new criteria for terminating the heuristic, eliminating time-consuming and unnecessary fine-tuning of a partition. Our experiments demonstrate extremely fast execution times (just a few seconds) with results matched only by the slower simulated annealing heuristic, meaning that the extended Kernighan/Lin heuristic will likely prove hard to beat for hardware and software functional partitioning.     

A full-wave analysis of interconnection planar lines applications to structures with finite ground plane

The high integration level associated to the increase of the operating frequency of microelectronic integrated circuits create complex electromagnetic coupling in the interconnection lines which lead to mismatch and frequency dispersion. In the present paper, we propose a full-wave analysis to characterise the electromagnetic behaviour of interconnection planar lines using mixed-potential integral equations technique. The theoretical and numerical treatments of Green’s functions for the specific structures are firstly presented. The calculated results for parallel and coplanar strips are compared to the published ones. The effect of the finite ground plane on the propagation constant and the characteristic impedance is then analysed for different permittivities. The obtained theoretical and experimental results for the reflection coefficient of straight resonators confirm finally the observed effect of the finite ground plane on the frequency dispersion and the scattering characteristics.     

芽孢杆菌L-510生物降解原油的特性及现场应用

为提高原油采收率,利用芽孢杆菌L-510对原油进行生物降解,经室内特性分析实验表明,经芽孢杆菌L-510处理后,原油中轻组分范围变宽,非烃组分含量平均增加2．09％,沥青质含量平均下降1．29％;原油含蜡量平均降幅为17．6％,胶质含量平均降幅为26．5％;原油的流动性得到改善,粘温曲线初始表观粘度与处理前相比降幅达50％。用该菌在葡北油田进行微生物吞吐现场试验,生产井经该菌处理4个月后,有效井达到80％,产液量增幅43．8％,产油量增幅51．4％。该菌株可广泛应用于采油工程领域,特别是微生物强化采油领域。