Complexity classes for self-assembling flexible tiles

We present a theoretical model for self-assembling DNA tiles with flexible branches. We encode an instance of a “problem” as a pot of such tiles for which a “solution” is an assembled complete complex without any free sticky ends. Using the number of tiles in an assembled complex as a measure of complexity we show how NTIME classes (such as NP and NEXP) can be represented with corresponding classes of the model.     

基于本体的概念语义相似度度量

针对概念语义相似度度量问题,提出结合基于图理论和信息量2种方法的语义相似度度量算法。计算2个概念在概念图中连接的路径长度、局部密度以及在连接2个概念之间的路径上连接关系的连接力度,结合连结路径权重和信息量来度量概念之间的语义相似度。实验结果表明,该算法能取得较好的度量效果。     

The use of data-derived label hierarchies in multi-label classification

Instead of traditional (multi-class) learning approaches that assume label independency, multi-label learning approaches must deal with the existing label dependencies and relations. Many approaches try to model these dependencies in the process of learning and integrate them in the final predictive model, without making a clear difference between the learning process and the process of modeling the label dependencies. Also, the label relations incorporated in the learned model are not directly visible and can not be (re)used in conjunction with other learning approaches. In this paper, we investigate the use of label hierarchies in multi-label classification, constructed in a data-driven manner. We first consider flat label sets and construct label hierarchies from the label sets that appear in the annotations of the training data by using a hierarchical clustering approach. The obtained hierarchies are then used in conjunction with hierarchical multi-label classification (HMC) approaches (two local model approaches for HMC, based on SVMs and PCTs, and two global model approaches, based on PCTs for HMC and ensembles thereof). The experimental results reveal that the use of the data-derived label hierarchy can significantly improve the performance of single predictive models in multi-label classification as compared to the use of a flat label set, while this is not preserved for the ensemble models.     

3D‐vision based detection,localization, and sizing of broccoli heads in the field

This paper describes a 3D vision system for robotic harvesting of broccoli using low‐cost RGB‐D sensors, which was developed and evaluated using sensory data collected under real‐world field conditions in both the UK and Spain. The presented method addresses the tasks of detecting mature broccoli heads in the field and providing their 3D locations relative to the vehicle. The paper evaluates different 3D features, machine learning, and temporal filtering methods for detection of broccoli heads. Our experiments show that a combination of Viewpoint Feature Histograms, Support Vector Machine classifier, and a temporal filter to track the detected heads results in a system that detects broccoli heads with high precision. We also show that the temporal filtering can be used to generate a 3D map of the broccoli head positions in the field. Additionally, we present methods for automatically estimating the size of the broccoli heads, to determine when a head is ready for harvest. All of the methods were evaluated using ground‐truth data from both the UK and Spain, which we also make available to the research community for subsequent algorithm development and result comparison. Cross‐validation of the system trained on the UK dataset on the Spanish dataset, and vice versa, indicated good generalization capabilities of the system, confirming the strong potential of low‐cost 3D imaging for commercial broccoli harvesting.     

Online evolution reconstruction from a single measurement record with random time intervals for quantum communication

Online reconstruction of a time-variant quantum state from the encoding/decoding results of quantum communication is addressed by developing a method of evolution reconstruction from a single measurement record with random time intervals. A time-variant two-dimensional state is reconstructed on the basis of recovering its expectation value functions of three nonorthogonal projectors from a random single measurement record, which is composed from the discarded qubits of the six-state protocol. The simulated results prove that our method is robust to typical metro quantum channels. Our work extends the Fourier-based method of evolution reconstruction from the version for a regular single measurement record with equal time intervals to a unified one, which can be applied to arbitrary single measurement records. The proposed protocol of evolution reconstruction runs concurrently with the one of quantum communication, which can facilitate the online quantum tomography.     

Using meta‐modeling in design and implementation of component‐based systems: the SOFA case study

To allow efficient and user‐friendly development of a component‐based application, component systems have to provide a rather complex development infrastructure, including a tool for component composition, component repository, and a run‐time infrastructure. In this paper, we present and evaluate benefits of using meta‐modeling during the process of defining a component system and also during creation of the development and run‐time infrastructures. Most of the presented arguments are based on a broad practical experience with designing the component systems SOFA and SOFA 2; the former designed in a classical ad hoc ‘manual’ way, whereas the latter with the help of meta‐modeling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The State of the Art in Topology‐Based Visualization of Unsteady Flow

Vector fields are a common concept for the representation of many different kinds of flow phenomena in science and engineering. Methods based on vector field topology are known for their convenience for visualizing and analysing steady flows, but a counterpart for unsteady flows is still missing. However, a lot of good and relevant work aiming at such a solution is available. We give an overview of previous research leading towards topology‐based and topology‐inspired visualization of unsteady flow, pointing out the different approaches and methodologies involved as well as their relation to each other, taking classical (i.e. steady) vector field topology as our starting point. Particularly, we focus on Lagrangian methods, space–time domain approaches, local methods and stochastic and multifield approaches. Furthermore, we illustrate our review with practical examples for the different approaches.     

图像中对数螺旋线的拟合

针对图像中存在的对数螺旋线形状,提出了一种有效的对数螺旋线拟合方法。首先根据螺旋线的性质将已知图像中螺旋线的中心点约束在一个较小的区域内进行搜索,然后将从图像中获取的直角坐标系下的数据点通过坐标变换转换为能用直线形式表示的数据点,将对对数螺旋线的拟合转换为对直线的拟合。这一方法能快速、准确地拟合出图像中存在的对数螺旋线。     

中位-四[二-(3,4-羧甲氧基)苯基]卟啉及其结合Re=O的初步研究

用密度泛函理论的B3LYP法,将中位-四[二-(3,4-羧甲氧基)苯基]卟啉及结合Re=O分子的几何构型优化,初步理论研究其前沿轨道和能量等。证明,与单独的卟吩环相比,T_(3,4)CPP的卟吩环平面性良好,环上的结构参数变化很小;Re=O与T_(3,4)CPP卟吩环的结合能明显大于与T_(3,4)CPP侧链羧基的结合能,且前者所形成配合物的稳定性显然高于后者,说明T_(3,4)CPP与~(188)Re=O结合的位点应在卟吩环上,而不在侧链羧基上。T_(3,4)CPP卟吩环结合Re=O而形成配合物的结构参数,与Vicente等Zn-卟啉衍生物的测定值相近。在卟吩环上配位时,T_(3,4)CPP卟吩环上的电荷重新分布,卟吩环碳原子的电子向4个氮原子转移:配位后,卟吩环的几何构型略收缩(0.14 A-0.19 A)和马鞍形扭转(5.7°)。