Light polarization under water near sunrise

Dramatic and rapid changes in the intensity and spectrum of light under water at dusk and dawn are well known, but reports regarding the light's polarization at these periods are sparse. Using a rapid spectropolarimeter, we examined the spatial and spectral characteristics of the underwater polarization patterns from sunrise to midday and compared them with a Rayleigh-based model for e-vector orientation and percent polarization. With the Sun near the horizon, the underwater polarization patterns were distinctive. Unlike the polarization at small solar zenith angles, the underwater polarization at large solar zenith angles cannot be predicted by simple Rayleigh scattering, most likely because of the relatively high contribution of skylight. At sunrise, the underwater polarization pattern outside of Snell's window differed from that found during the day in percent polarization, spatial distribution, and wavelength dependence. These unique polarization characteristics may provide a polarization-sensitive animal with a distinct cue for mediating dial vertical migration performed by plankton or with another timing signal.     

甲酸乙酯与二氧化碳混合熏蒸可食用鲜切花（中英文）

西花蓟马（缨翅目）是蓟马类中一种具有代表性的植物害虫,是一种能够对作物生产造成不利影响的多食性物种。因此,在欧盟,这些蓟马物种被作为检疫生物进行管理。西花蓟马以易感植物为食,并会传播几种导致严重植物疾病的病毒,从而对这些植物造成非常大的损害。以色列的供应占欧洲新鲜草本市场的50%,被认为是可食用鲜切花的主要供应市场。然而,在过去的十年中,由于没有可选的处理方法来控制检疫害虫而导致植物检疫失败,大大减少了出口量。目前尚无有效的采后杀虫处理方法。众所周知,熏蒸剂甲基溴（MB）具有植物毒性,尤其是对叶类产品和叶片,且与臭氧层的损耗有关。目前甲基溴仅能用作检疫和装运前熏蒸。甲酸乙酯（EF）被建议作为甲基溴的替代品,药效快、价格低廉、哺乳动物无毒性、环境无害、分解迅速,残留量极少或无残留。在以色列进行的30 g/m3甲酸乙酯与二氧化碳（1∶1.6）混合处理不同花种的实验中,在10和15 ℃条件下分别处理1和1.5 h,对西花蓟马各虫态均有较好的防治效果。在15 ℃暴露2 h,可杀死全部害虫,对花或其保质期没有不良影响。因此甲酸乙酯熏蒸可作为一种检疫处理方法,也是甲基溴（MB）的可行替代方法。     

MYH10 Governs Adipocyte Function and Adipogenesis through Its Interaction with GLUT4

Adipogenesis is dependent on cytoskeletal remodeling that determines and maintains cellular shape and function. Cytoskeletal proteins contribute to the filament-based network responsible for controlling the shape of adipocytes and promoting the intracellular trafficking of cellular components. Currently, the understanding of these mechanisms and their effect on differentiation and adipocyte function remains incomplete. In this study, we identified the non-muscle myosin 10 (MYH10) as a novel regulator of adipogenesis and adipocyte function through its interaction with the insulin-dependent glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). MYH10 depletion in preadipocytes resulted in impaired adipogenesis, with knockdown cells exhibiting an absence of morphological alteration and molecular signals. MYH10 was shown in a complex with GLUT4 in adipocytes, an interaction regulated by insulin induction. The missing adipogenic capacity of MYH10 knockdown cells was restored when the cells took up GLUT4 vesicles from neighbor wildtype cells in a co-culture system. This signaling cascade is regulated by the protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ), which interacts with MYH10 to modify the localization and interaction of both GLUT4 and MYH10 in adipocytes. Overall, our study establishes MYH10 as an essential regulator of GLUT4 translocation, affecting both adipogenesis and adipocyte function, highlighting its importance in future cytoskeleton-based studies in adipocytes.     

Improved Data Modeling Using Coupled Artificial Neural Networks

Neural Processing Letters - Our senses perceive the world, but what happens if one of the senses is degraded through illness or injury? In such situations, the brain compensates by enhancing the...     

Personalized Hydrogels for Engineering Diverse Fully Autologous Tissue Implants

Despite incremental improvements in the field of tissue engineering, no technology is currently available for producing completely autologous implants where both the cells and the scaffolding material are generated from the patient, and thus do not provoke an immune response that may lead to implant rejection. Here, a new approach is introduced to efficiently engineer any tissue type, which its differentiation cues are known, from one small tissue biopsy. Pieces of omental tissues are extracted from patients and, while the cells are reprogrammed to become induced pluripotent stem cells, the extracellular matrix is processed into an immunologically matching, thermoresponsive hydrogel. Efficient cell differentiation within a large 3D hydrogel is reported, and, as a proof of concept, the generation of functional cardiac, cortical, spinal cord, and adipogenic tissue implants is demonstrated. This versatile bioengineering approach may assist to regenerate any tissue and organ with a minimal risk for immune rejection.     

AUTOMATICALLY IDENTIFYING CITATIONS IN HEBREW-ARAMAIC DOCUMENTS

Citations in documents contain important information about the sources that authors cite and their importance and impact. Therefore, automatic identification of citations from documents is an important task. Citations included in rabbinic literature are more difficult to identify and to extract than citations in scientific papers written in English for various reasons. The aim of this novel research is to automatically identify undated citations included a unique data set: rabbinic documents written in Hebrew-Aramaic. We formulate four feature sets: orthographic, quantitative, stopword-based, and n-gram-based. Different experiments on all combinations of these feature sets using six common machine learning methods and Infogain have been performed. A combination of all four feature sets using logistic regression achieves an accuracy of 91.98%, which is an improvement of 16.53% compared to a baseline result.     

Social fMRI: Investigating and shaping social mechanisms in the real world

We introduce the Friends and Family study, a longitudinal living laboratory in a residential community. In this study, we employ a ubiquitous computing approach, Social Functional Mechanism-design and Relationship Imaging, or Social fMRI, that combines extremely rich data collection with the ability to conduct targeted experimental interventions with study populations. We present our mobile-phone-based social and behavioral sensing system, deployed in the wild for over 15 months. Finally, we present three investigations performed during the study, looking into the connection between individuals’ social behavior and their financial status, network effects in decision making, and a novel intervention aimed at increasing physical activity in the subject population. Results demonstrate the value of social factors for choice, motivation, and adherence, and enable quantifying the contribution of different incentive mechanisms.     

The Role of Surface Groups in Dictating the Chiral-Solvent-Induced Assembly of Carbon Dots into Structures Exhibiting Circularly Polarized Luminescence

Here, the use of achiral nanoparticles and solvent-induced chirality transfer is combined for the making of large structures exhibiting chiroptical properties in the form of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The nanoparticles that the authors use are carbon dots (C-Dots) that are known for their bright luminescence and the ability to tune their surface moieties by using different precursors in their synthesis. Here, the result of adding the chiral solvent limonene into an aqueous solution of various C-Dots is explored, differentiated by their surface group. It is shown that only nitrogen-containing C-Dots with amine functional groups see the emergence of a CPL signal and the formation of a large fibrillar assembled structure. The various forces happening in the interface between the C-Dots and the limonene phase and the role of the amine groups in both the chirality transfer interactions and the interactions between C-Dots in the assembly process are discussed, whereas these two processes intertwine with each other. The ability to form fluorescent chiral structures exhibiting CPL from achiral nanoparticles and the understanding of the various interactions in this process are both important to the rationale design of any supramolecular chiral assemblies.     

Adjustable photoluminescence of peptide nanotubes coatings

Peptide nanotubes (PNTs) have become a significant subject at the biological and bionanotechnology field. Here we describe the spectroscopic analysis of PNTs coatings, which were deposited by a physical vapor deposition technology. We show that we can adjust the electronic, and consequently the spectroscopic, photoluminescence (PL) properties of the PNT coatings, simply by changing the parameters of the PNT deposition. We show that by controlling the PNT deposition parameters we can observe different PL properties of the PNT coatings and significantly strengthen the PL in the visible blue region. We further explain that the strong blue emission is resulting from the conversion of the monomers to a different chemical structure. The strong blue emission, and our ability to adjust it, promotes the use of the PNTs as organic materials for light emitting devices.