Wetting,infiltration and interaction behavior of CMAS towards columnar YSZ coatings deposited by plasma spray physical vapor

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) produced by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) or plasma spray (PS) usually suffer from molten calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS) attack. In this study, columnar structured YSZ coatings were fabricated by plasma spray physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD). The coatings were CMAS-infiltrated at 1250?°C for short terms (1, 5, 30?min). The wetting and spreading dynamics of CMAS melt on the coating surface was in-situ investigated using a heating microscope. The results indicate that the spreading evolution of CMAS melt can be described in terms of two stages with varied time intervals and spreading velocities. Besides, the PS-PVD columnar coating (～100?μm thick) was fully penetrated by CMAS melt within 1?min. After the CMAS attack for 30?min, the original feathered-YSZ grains (tetragonal phase) in both PS-PVD and EB-PVD coatings were replaced by globular shaped monoclinic ZrO₂ grains in the interaction regions.     

Effect of an abrupt change in pulling rate on microstructures of directionally solidified Al2O3-Er3Al5O12 eutectic and off-eutectic composite ceramics

Directionally solidified microstructures of Al₂O₃-Er₃Al₅O₁₂ eutectic and off-eutectic in situ composite ceramics were explored under abrupt-change pulling rate conditions. Corresponding temperature distributions and interface locations were studied. In eutectic composition, fluctuation of eutectic spacing occurred when the pulling rate increased abruptly. A gradually increase or abrupt increase in eutectic spacing was observed when the pulling rate decreased abruptly. In hypoeutectic and hypereutectic compositions, formation of the primary phases were suppressed when the pulling rate increased abruptly from 10?µm/s to 100?µm/s, while primary phases precipitated when the pulling rate decreased abruptly from 100?µm/s to 10?µm/s. The interface altitude decreased after the pulling rate increased abruptly, but increased after the pulling rate decreased abruptly. The liquid composition restriction (around the eutectic composition) at the eutectic interface plays an important role in the suppression of the primary dendrite and coupled eutectic oxides can be obtained in off-eutectic compositions even under higher solidification rate conditions.     

内插法在相关干涉仪测向体制中的应用

测向误差的减小一直以来都是无线电测向精度提高的一个难点,对于不同的测向体制所采用的减小测向误差的方法都不尽相同。本文主要介绍的是相关干涉仪测向体制的基本原理以及通过内插法的应用来减小测向误差的方法。     

Preparation of biaxially textured Ce1-x(Y0.2Zr0.8)xOδ buffer layers on RABiTS NiW tapes by chemical solution deposition

Highly (100)-oriented Ce_1-x(Y_0.2Zr_0.8)_xO_δ (CYZO) films were prepared on biaxially textured NiW substrates by a chemical solution deposition approach using metal inorganic salts as starting materials. It has been found that both the preferential orientation and surface roughness of CYZO films decrease gradually with increasing of the doping percentage of Y³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ ions. The epitaxial growth relationship of (220)_CYZO//(200)_NiW and [00?l]_CYZO//[001]_NiW was demonstrated by XRD texture measurement as well as atomic resolution STEM observation. XRD, Raman and XPS spectra results indicate that Y³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ ions were indeed introduced into CeO₂ lattice to substitute Ce⁴⁺ ions and form cubic fluorite CYZO solid solution. Moreover, CeO₂ buffer layer can be endowed a strong enough capability to prevent element diffusion through co-doping of yttrium and zirconium, provided that an optimal doping ratio of them is adopted. This will provide a new approach to fabricating strong-barrier single buffer layer for coated conductor.     

古建筑木结构透榫节点力学模型研究

为研究古建筑木结构透榫节点的M-θ力学模型，在分析透榫节点构造特征与受力机理的基础上，建立其数值模型，用透榫节点的试验数据验证了该数值模型的正确性，并分析了节点缝隙、木材横纹弹性模量和大榫头长度对透榫节点受弯承载力的影响。根据受力分析结果，建立以弹性点、屈服点与极限点为特征点的三折线多参数M-θ力学模型，其结果与多数的试验结果基本吻合，并将该力学模型应用于木构架的受力分析。研究结果表明：透榫节点的滞回耗能能力强，节点的变形主要集中在榫头处。当榫头与卯口之间的缝隙增大时，节点的受弯承载力降低。随木材横纹弹性模量的提高和大榫头长度的增加，节点的受弯承载力有一定提高。文章建立的M-θ力学模型能较好反映透榫节点的受力过程，适用于木构架的受力分析，其荷载 位移骨架曲线与试验结果基本吻合。研究成果可为古建筑木结构的维修与保护提供参考。     

Study on wax precipitation characteristics of wax deposit in pipes

Wax deposit properties are a significant concern in pipeline pigging during waxy crude oil transportation. In the present work, the impacts of flow conditions and oil properties on the wax precipitation characteristics of wax deposits are investigated. A flow loop apparatus was developed to conduct wax deposition experiments using four crude oils collected from different field pipes. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique was employed to observe the wax precipitation characteristics of crude oil and wax deposit. The results show that the wax content and the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of the deposits increase with shear stress and radial temperature gradient, and decrease with radial wax molecule concentration gradient near the pipe wall. The DSC tests on the wax deposits revealed that the deposit wax content is strongly correlated to the oil wax content. Furthermore, an empirical correlation was developed to predict the wax content and the WAT of the wax deposit. Verification of the empirical correlation using the different oils indicated that the average relative error of the wax content prediction and average absolute error of WAT prediction were 13.2% and 3.6°C, respectively.