Fabrication of highly porous biodegradable monoliths strengthened by graphene oxide and their adsorption of metal ions

Ordered porous chitosan–gelatin/graphene oxide (CGGO) monoliths with over 97% porosity were prepared by a unidirectional freeze-drying method and used as adsorbents for metal ions. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, their water absorption, wet-state stability and compressive strength were measured. The adsorption behavior of the CGGO monoliths and influencing factors such as pH, graphene oxide (GO) concentration, metal ion concentration as well as the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were investigated. The incorporation of GO significantly increased the compressive strength of the CGGO monoliths in both their wet and dry states, and changed their porous structure. They exhibited an extremely high adsorbing ability for metal ions, which decreased at low pH, but increased from 20% to 88% upon the addition of EDTA at low pH. The CGGO monoliths have good stability and can be recycled several times with only a slight loss in adsorption ability. In addition, they are biodegradable, non-toxic, efficient and regenerable.     

复合材料天线罩螺栓连接结构损伤失效分析

针对复合材料天线罩螺栓连接结构的损伤失效问题,采用试验和渐近损伤分析方法对复合材料天线罩螺栓连接结构的损伤失效进行了研究,分析了螺栓连接结构在等效风载压力和拉力作用下的失效过程和失效强度,并对天线罩连接结构折角位置玻璃钢蒙皮的过渡方式对其力学性能的影响进行了分析。试验和数值研究结果表明,连接结构试件的初始破坏均表现为玻璃钢蒙皮与泡沫芯材间的层间开裂,初始开裂载荷为0.7倍左右的结构失效载荷,玻璃钢蒙皮采用隔层断开过渡的加工工艺可显著提高天线罩连接结构的强度,数值预测的结构失效强度与试验结果吻合较好。     

响应面分析法优化山楂叶中黄酮的提取工艺

响应面分析法优化山楂叶中黄酮的提取工艺,以黄酮粗提取率为指标,采用乙醇回流法提取。通过单因素试验及响应面分析,研究了提取温度、液固比、乙醇体积分数和提取时间4个主要因素对山楂叶中黄酮粗提取率的影响。采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计和响应面分析法,建立了回归方程的预测模型,确定最佳提取条件为液固比29 mL/g ,乙醇体积分数68％,提取温度64℃,提取时间34 min ,在此条件下黄酮粗提取率为3．07％。试验结果与模型预测值基本相符,因此,该工艺可应用于山楂叶中黄酮的提取。     

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Metakaolin-Based Inorganic Polymer Mortar Reinforced with Quartz Sand

Silicon - The synthesis, mechanical behaviour, and microstructure of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar reinforced with quartz sand are presented in this investigation. Fine sand (quartz sand)...     

水平表面水-酒精混合蒸气Marangoni瞬态凝结过程的凝结液形态

设计搭建了水平表面上凝结实验系统,利用高速摄像机对水-酒精混合蒸气Marangoni瞬态凝结过程的凝结形态进行观察记录,获得了初始过冷度、酒精蒸气浓度及蒸气流速对凝结形态的影响规律。采用图像边缘提取技术对凝结图像进行处理,统计得到了作为定量表征Marangoni凝结形态参数之一的最大液珠半径的变化规律。研究结果表明：凝结开始的一段时间内凝结形态变化剧烈,液珠经历形成、合并及逐渐长大的过程,最终凝结形态基本保持不变,液珠成长时间数量级约为10 s。在凝结的初始阶段,当过冷度较大时,膜状凝结与珠状凝结同时存在于凝结表面;随着过冷度降低,小液珠数目增多;过冷度继续降低,凝结面全部被大量小液珠所覆盖。随着初始过冷度降低、酒精蒸气浓度增高,凝结液珠成长时间增长,液珠的生长速度变慢。蒸气流速对液珠的成长过程影响相对不明显。随着凝结进行,最大液珠半径从2 mm增大到10 mm的数量级;同一凝结时刻,随着初始过冷度增加、酒精蒸气浓度降低,最大液珠半径逐渐增大。     

超临界流体萃取原理及应用

本文论述了超临界流体的性质、超临界流体萃取法的分类,以及超临界流体萃取工艺在食品、医药、化学、化妆品香料等工业领域中的应用,并阐述了超临界流体萃取工艺中存在的不足,同时对今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

炸药废水处理最新技术进展

本文介绍了炸药废水常用净化方法,并对各种方法进行了分析对比,同时对炸药废水处理的发展方向进行了展望.     

新型聚酯多元醇水分散体的制备

先采用间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠(5-SSIPA)与新戊二醇(NPG)反应制得聚酯中间体,再将一定量的聚酯中间体与多元羧酸和多元醇进行反应,同时引入叔碳酸缩水甘油酯(CARDURAE-10),制备了聚酯多元醇水分散体.用红外光谱(FT-IR)和激光粒度分析仪对产物结构及其稳定性进行了表征;并考察了5-SSIPA/NPG对聚酯中间体的影响及合成工艺、催化剂、聚酯中间体用量、叔碳酸缩水甘油酯对反应体系的影响.结果表明:选择合适的合成工艺或加入催化剂可明显缩短反应时间;聚酯中间体用量约为单体总质量的12%时,得到的产物稳定性较好;叔碳酸缩水甘油酯的引入能有效降低树脂的黏度、减小水分散体粒径,并提高涂膜最终的耐酸、耐碱及耐水性能.     

Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. Decreases Athero-Susceptibility in Lipoproteins and the Aorta of Guinea Pigs Fed High Fat Diet

Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (COT), a traditional Chinese herb, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In this study, we examined the protective effect of COT on the initiation of atherosclerosis induced by high fat diet and explored the underlying mechanisms. We established guinea pig models of hyperlipidemia and treated them with three dosages of COT or 20 mg/kg/d simvastatin (a positive control drug) for 8 weeks. Plasma lipid analysis indicated that COT decreased total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. The analysis of the hepatic gene involving cholesterol metabolism by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that COT upregulated the mRNA abundance of LDL receptor (LDL-R), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1) and the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Oil red O staining showed COT significantly reduced lipid deposition in the arterial wall. Moreover, ELISA assay revealed COT lowered the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in plasma. Meanwhile, the level of Nitric oxide (NO) in plasma was increased by COT. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed the expression of CD68 and active NF-kB p65 proteins in the arterial wall was decreased by COT. The content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma were determined and the data indicated COT suppressed oxidative stress reaction. These results reveal that administration of COT decreases athero-susceptibility through lowering plasma lipid, attenuating inflammation, and suppressing oxidative stress in guinea pig fed high fat diet.     

复合分子筛的合成及其应用进展

微孔-介孔复合分子筛由于兼有微孔分子筛和介孔分子筛的优点,而且可在一定程度上弥补各自的缺点,已成为近年来倍受关注的催化新材料之一。文章综述了近年来微孔-介孔复合分子筛的合成方法和催化应用研究进展,重点介绍了单模板剂法、双模板剂法、微孔沸石硅源法、孔壁晶化法、附晶生长法等方法及其催化应用情况,并对微孔-介孔复合分子筛的应用前景进行了展望。