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Mongrain Myriam; Vettese Lisa C.; Shuster Barbara; Kendal Natasha 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,75(1):230
Aspects of interpersonal, personality, and cognitive models of depression were tested in a college sample. The perceptions and actual interpersonal behaviors of dependent and self-critical women and their romantic partners were assessed during a conflict-resolution task. Dependent women were characterized by positive biases in the perception of lovingness expressed within the relationship. The partners of dependent women, however, experienced a decrease in positive affect and a trend toward increasing hostility during the conflict-resolution task. Self-critical women were objectively rated as less loving and more hostile, and their partners were also rated as less loving. Self-critics also exhibited negative biases in self-perceptions of submissiveness. The results are interpreted within a comprehensive framework integrating various elements of interpersonal, personality, and cognitive models of depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Research to date suggests that the family plays a significant role in the development, perpetuation, and relapse of depression in its members. This study examined the videotaped interactions of parents with a depressed adolescent and control parents and youth during a conflictual, problem-solving task. In comparison with parents of nondepressed adolescents, parents of depressed adolescents engaged in higher rates of incongruent communication in which aversive content behavior was linked with positive affective behavior. Adolescent depressed content behavior led to greater suppression of parent aversive content behavior in nondepressed families than in depressed families. The findings argue that dysfunctional family communication may be associated with the development or maintenance of depression in the child. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The day-night task requires saying "night" to a picture of the sun and "day" to a picture of the moon. In this investigation of why young children fail at this task, systematic variations of the task were administered to 96 children, half 4 years old and half 4 1/2 years old. Training children on the strategy of chunking the 2 rules into 1 ("say the opposite"), thus reducing memory load, did not help their performance. What helped was reducing the inhibitory demand by instructing them to say "dog" and "pig" (not "night" and "day") even though memory of 2 rules and inhibiting saying what the pictures represented were still required. Here the response to be activated and the response to be inhibited were unrelated. When the correct response was semantically related to, and the direct opposite of, the to-be-inhibited response, children performed poorly. Inserting a delay between stimulus and response helped even though that delay was filled with distraction. Young children apparently need several seconds to compute the answer on this task. Often they do not take the needed time; when forced to do so, they do well. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Recent studies have found variable levels of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] in marine water from temperate and warmer climates suggesting that temperature may play a role in survival of MRSA in the environment. The aim of the study was to compare the survival of clinical and environmental MRSA and MSSA strains in fresh and marine water incubated at 13 °C and 20 °C over 14 days. Seven different MRSA strains and the MSSA ATCC 25923 were tested. Individual strains were diluted in sterile saline to a 0.5 McFarland standard (108 cfu/ml), serially diluted in duplicate to a final concentration of 105 cfu/ml in pooled filter-sterilized marine or fresh water and incubated at 13 °C or 20 °C in the dark. The results of this study found that temperature and salinity are important factors in MRSA and MSSA survival; the decay rate was ∼28% higher at 20 °C versus 13 °C and ∼34-44% higher in fresh water versus marine water. There was no statistical difference between environmental and clinical MRSA strain survival [P = 0.138]. The study found that MRSA/MSSA survival was significantly longer in marine water at 13 °C typical of the Pacific Northwest, which may have important implications for recreational beach visitors in colder climates. 相似文献
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Natasha L. Mikles 《Material Religion》2020,16(2):187-212
AbstractBased on interviews performed in Qinghai, this article examines the ritual for creating the “mountain hat” used by bards of Tibet’s Gesar epic in the Yushu and Golok provinces to argue for its importance in constructing local ideas of identity and authority. After introducing a typology of bardic hats, this paper relates the two-week ritual to make a “mountain hat” and analyses how it unites epic narrative, local ideas of place, and the authority of Buddhist institutions into a single, distinctive object used in the performance arena. Utilizing David Morgan’s work on embodiment and identity through the act of seeing, this article argues for the “mountain hat” as a microcosm of a religious imaginary that influences and shapes the viewer’s and the bard’s self-understanding. Additionally, this article considers the interpretation of the “mountain hat” and the religious imaginary it represents in the larger context of contemporary Tibet, where competing forms of economic and cultural authority challenge Tibetans’ experience. Ultimately, this article draws attention to the central role of ritual in constructing the “mountain hat” and imbuing it with the necessary symbolic complexes to become a potent visual object of identity. 相似文献
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Dave DeSimone Natasha Ghezawi Thomas Gaetjens Robert Counce Jack Watson 《溶剂提取与离子交换》2013,31(6):422-434
ABSTRACTExtraction of yttrium (Y) from sulfuric acid was studied using di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHPA). A portion of the organic phase was recycled back into the mixer after extraction for the mixer to operate at a moderate organic-to-aqueous volumetric phase ratio while processing at a low organic-to-aqueous flow rate ratio. The effective performance of the mixer was evaluated when operating at different organic-phase flow fractions. To model the extraction rate coefficient, a 2-factor designed experiment was performed by conducting both equilibrium and mixer-settler tests. The organic-phase flow fraction was varied over four discrete levels while the extractant concentration was varied over three discrete levels. Increasing the organic-phase flow fraction yielded a continual increase in the extraction rate coefficient. In contrast, increasing the extractant concentration yielded an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease in the extraction rate coefficient. The decline in the extraction rate coefficient was attributed to a decrease in the yttrium-extractant complex’s diffusion coefficient. High metal loading caused an elevated organic-phase viscosity and thus the low diffusion coefficient. An extraction rate coefficient model is proposed to describe the effects of extractant concentration, viscosity and organic-phase flow fraction. Mass transfer resistance was largely in the organic phase. 相似文献