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81.
Weber Nathan; Brewer Neil; Wells Gary L.; Semmler Carolyn; Keast Amber 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,10(3):139
Data are reported from 3,213 research eyewitnesses confirming that accurate eyewitness identifications from lineups are made faster than are inaccurate identifications. However, consistent with predictions from the recognition and search literatures, the authors did not find support for the "10-12-s rule" in which lineup identifications faster than 10-12 s maximally discriminate between accurate and inaccurate identifications (D. Dunning & S. Perretta, 2002). Instead, the time frame that proved most discriminating was highly variable across experiments, ranging from 5 s to 29 s, and the maximally discriminating time was often unimpressive in its ability to sort accurate from inaccurate identifications. The authors suggest several factors that are likely to moderate the 10-12-s rule. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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James D. Johnston Ashlin E. Cowger Robert J. Graul Ryan Nash Josie A. Tueller Nathan R. Hendrickson Daniel R. Robinson John D. Beard K. Scott Weber 《Indoor air》2019,29(6):1005-1017
Recent work suggests that evaporative coolers increase the level and diversity of bioaerosols, but this association remains understudied in low‐income homes. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of metropolitan, low‐income homes in Utah with evaporative coolers (n = 20) and central air conditioners (n = 28). Dust samples (N = 147) were collected from four locations in each home and analyzed for dust‐mite allergens Der p1 and Der f1, endotoxins, and β‐(1 → 3)‐d ‐glucans. In all sample locations combined, Der p1 or Der f1 was significantly higher in evaporative cooler versus central air conditioning homes (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.05‐4.98). Endotoxin concentration was significantly higher in evaporative cooler versus central air conditioning homes in furniture (geometric mean (GM) = 8.05 vs 2.85 EU/mg, P < .01) and all samples combined (GM = 3.60 vs 1.29 EU/mg, P = .03). β‐(1 → 3)‐d ‐glucan concentration and surface loads were significantly higher in evaporative cooler versus central air conditioning homes in all four sample locations and all samples combined (P < .01). Our study suggests that low‐income, evaporative cooled homes have higher levels of immunologically important bioaerosols than central air‐conditioned homes in dry climates, warranting studies on health implications and other exposed populations. 相似文献
85.
Interaction of β‐casein with (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate assayed by fluorescence quenching: effect of thermal processing temperature
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Zhiyong He Jie Chen Sydney E. Moser Owen G. Jones Mario G. Ferruzzi 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2016,51(2):342-348
The interactions between the flavan‐3‐ol (?)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and bovine β‐casein in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) of pH 6.5 subjected to thermal processing at various temperatures (25–100 °C) were investigated using fluorescence quenching. The results indicated that different temperatures had different effects on the structural changes and EGCG‐binding ability of β‐casein. At temperatures below 60 °C, the β‐casein–EGCG interaction changed little (P > 0.05) with increasing temperature. At temperatures above 80 °C, native assemblies of β‐casein in solution dissociated into individual β‐casein molecules and unfolded, as demonstrated by a red shift of the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength (λmax) of up to 8.8 nm. The highest quenching constant (Kq) and the number of binding sites (n) were 0.92 (±0.01) × 1013 m ?1 s?1 and 0.73 (±0.02) (100 °C), respectively. These results provide insight into the potential of interactions between β‐casein–EGCG that may modulate bioactivity or bioavailability to be altered during thermal process. 相似文献
86.
Elham Khanipour Steve H. Flint Owen J. McCarthy Matt Golding Jon Palmer Mark Tamplin 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2014,49(6):1506-1512
The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of salt (sodium chloride, 0–8% w/v), sorbate (potassium sorbate, 0–4.5% w/v), nisin (0–500 ppm) and lysozyme (0–500 ppm) on the survival of Clostridium sporogenes as a non‐toxigenic surrogate of Clostridium botulinum in terms of the probability of growth by using a central composite rotatable design. The results indicated that salt and sorbate were the most effective factors in preventing the growth of Cl. sporogenes in high‐moisture (>95%) and low‐acid conditions. The probability of growth of Cl. sporogenes in broth was reduced by combinations of salt and sorbate. Nisin and lysozyme had insignificant effects on the probability of growth of Cl. sporogenes (P > 0.05). Lysozyme individually and in combination with nisin had no inhibitory effect on Cl. sporogenes. Overall, the addition of sorbate and lysozyme may allow the salt concentration to be reduced while preventing growth. 相似文献
87.
Josephine L. P. Soh Feng Wang Nathan Boersen Rodolfo Pinal Garnet E. Peck 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(10):1022-1035
This article aimed to model the effects of raw material properties and roller compactor operating parameters (OPs) on the properties of roller compacted ribbons and granules with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) projection. A database of raw material properties was established through extensive physical and mechanical characterization of several microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose grades and their blends. A design of experiment (DoE) was used for ribbon production. PLS models constructed with only OP-modeled roller compaction (RC) responded poorly. Inclusion of raw material properties markedly improved the goodness of fit (R2?=?.897) and model predictability (Q2?=?0.72). 相似文献
88.
Tim Huber Jörg Müssig Owen Curnow Shusheng Pang Simon Bickerton Mark P. Staiger 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(3):1171-1186
Cellulose is a fascinating biopolymer of almost inexhaustible quantity. While being a lightweight material, it shows outstanding
values of strength and stiffness when present in its native form. Unsurprisingly, cellulose fibre has been rigorously investigated
as a reinforcing component in biocomposites. In recent years, however, a new class of monocomponent composites based on cellulosic
materials, so-called all-cellulose composites (ACCs) have emerged. These new materials promise to overcome the critical problem
of fibre–matrix adhesion in biocomposites by using chemically similar or identical cellulosic materials for both matrix and
reinforcement. A number of papers scattered throughout the polymer, composites and biomolecular science literature have been
published describing non-derivatized and derivatized ACCs. Exceptional mechanical properties of ACCs have been reported that
easily exceed those of traditional biocomposites. Several different processing routes have been applied to the manufacture
of ACCs using a broad range of different solvent systems and raw materials. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review
of the background chemistry and various cellulosic sources investigated, various synthesis routes, phase transformations of
the cellulose, and mechanical, viscoelastic and optical properties of ACCs. The current difficulties and challenges of ACCs
are clearly outlined, pointing the way forward for further exploration of this interesting subcategory of biocomposites. 相似文献
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Simon Woodruff Jennifer K. Baerny Nathan Mattor Don Stoulil Ronald Miller Theodore Marston 《Journal of Fusion Energy》2012,31(4):305-316
The benefits of an energy source whose reactants are plentiful and whose products are benign is hard to measure, but at no time in history has this energy source been more needed. Nuclear fusion continues to promise to be this energy source. However, the path to market for fusion systems is still regularly a matter for long-term (20?+?year) plans. This white paper is intended to stimulate discussion of faster commercialization paths, distilling guidance from investors, utilities, and the wider energy research community (including from ARPA-E). There is great interest in a small modular fusion system that can be developed quickly and inexpensively. A simple model shows how compact modular fusion can produce a low cost development path by optimizing traditional systems that burn deuterium and tritium, operating not only at high magnetic field strength, but also by omitting some components that allow for the core to become more compact and easier to maintain. The dominant hurdles to the development of low cost, practical fusion systems are discussed, primarily in terms of the constraints placed on the cost of development stages in the private sector. The main finding presented here is that the bridge from DOE Office of Science to the energy market can come at the Proof of Principle development stage, providing the concept is sufficiently compact and inexpensive that its development allows for a normal technology commercialization path. 相似文献