The problem of electromagnetic scattering of a plane wave from a topological insulator (TI) cylinder buried beneath a flat interface is undertaken with the method of analysis based on spectral plane wave representation of fields. Saddle point method is employed to evaluate the involved spectral integrals serving as basis functions in the representations of scattered-reflected and scattered-transmitted fields. The distinctions between the scattering pattern for time reversal symmetry TI cylinder and that of time reversal symmetry broken TI cylinder are pronounced. Results are validated through the comparison with the previously available results. 相似文献
Dynamic instability of decentralized wind energy farms is a major issue to deliver continuous green energy to electricity consumers. This instability is caused by variations of voltage and frequency parameters due to intermittencies in wind power. Previously, droop control and inverter-based schemes have been proposed to regulate the voltage by balancing reactive power, while inertial control, digital mapping technique of proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller and efficiency control strategy have been developed to regulate the frequency. In this paper, voltage stability is improved by a new joint strategy of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) six-pulse controller based reactive power management among decentralized wind turbines and controlled charging of capacitor bank. The frequency stability is ensured by a joint coordinated utilization of capacitor bank and distributed wind power turbines dispatching through a new DSTATCOM six-pulse controller scheme. In both strategies, power grid is contributed as a backup source with less priority. These new joint strategies for voltage and frequency stabilities will enhance the stable active power delivery to end users. A system test case is developed to verify the proposed joint strategies. The test results of the proposed new schemes are proved to be effective in terms of stability improvement of voltage, frequency and active power generation. 相似文献
Blends of PEI with an amorphous copolyester (PCTG) were obtained by melt‐mixing followed by injection molding. The processability of PEI increased several times upon addition of just 10% PCTG, thus expanding the applications of PEI. All the blends showed a single Tg and most of them were transparent. However, they were biphasic as suggested by the widening of the Tg's and proved by SEM. A fine dispersed particle size and good adhesion level were also observed by SEM. The values of the modulus of elasticity and the yield stress appeared close the additivity rule, and were attributed to the combined effects of the density increase and orientation decrease in the blends. These morphological changes had a slightly negative influence on ductility which was nevertheless high.
Amphiphilic poly(oxyethylene)-b-poly(oxybutylene) block copolymers having hydrophilic block end-capped with neutral dimethylamino (DE79B34) and cationic trimethyl ammonium (TE79B34) groups, respectively were investigated for their interactions with ionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) using tensiometry, conductometry and dynamic light scattering. The self-assembly of DE79B34 and TE79B34 occur at 0.7 g/dm3 and 0.8 g/dm3, respectively. TE79B34 binds favorably with oppositely charged SDS, causing a substantial change in surface tension compared to other surfactant-polymer systems. In mixed polymer-surfactant systems, the micellization was promoted in the presence of SDS, but it was suppressed with CTAB. Such behavior is expected for cationic block copolymers, since they can engage into ion-pair formation with anionic SDS. For neutral polymers, the behavior is reflective of surfactants’ head group hydrophobicity. The head groups of CTAB are more hydrophobic and their existence in the proximity of hydrophobic segments of polymers induces shape transition to non-spherical morphologies. Gibb’s free energy of adsorption at air – water interface is negative for SDS, CTAB and surfactant-block copolymer systems, indicating that the process is highly spontaneous. The increase in entropy of TE79B34 during micelle formation with temperature is due to disturbance of hydrophobic structure of water molecules, thus hydrophobic parts are removed from bulk solution to the interface and also in the interior of micelle the freedom of hydrophobic part is increased. The dynamic laser light scattering results revealed that due to presence of block copolymers pre-micellar aggregates were favored. 相似文献
A suitable Stillinger–Weber (SW) potential energy function parameter set is developed for finite boron structures by genetic algorithm and trial error techniques. Boron structure geometries in 7–24 atoms range, calculated by ab initio methods, are taken as the fitting criteria in the parameter set development. This parameter set is used together with another SW parameter set developed for carbon–carbon interactions in order to investigate boron carbide nanoparticles in the form of BxCx where 8 ? x ? 14. In addition, B80C12 nanoparticle structure is investigated using local optimization technique. 相似文献