应用工程师问答-4对数放大器(LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER)精解

问:我才刚阅读完ADI近期所发表的对数放大器相关技术手册,不过我对于对数放大器究竟是什么仍然感到有些困惑. 答:你并不是唯一感到困惑的人.许多年来,我已经处理过许多的询问,都是有关于对数放大器所执行功能的重点差异,以及在本质上完全不同的设计概念.就让我们这样子开始好了,你希望在对数放大器的输出中看到什么?     

The extracorporeal circuit: Materials,problems, and solutions

The extracorporeal circuit in hemodialysis and related therapies facilitates passage of blood to and from the patient and forms an integral link with the safety systems of the proportioning system. Historically, elements of the circuit were subject to problems such as spallation introduced by the blood pump and plasticizer from the tubing sets leaching into the blood. Many of these early issues have been largely resolved, although there is still potential for further improvement and innovation. The introduction of such improvements and innovations into clinical practice is critically dependent upon their cost and benefit to patient and renal unit staff.     

SDR走向军用领域

JTRS正致力于将可互换SDR(软件无线电)带入军用领域。但SDR对商业应用是否也是足够好的选择呢?SDR(软件无线电)并不是一种新技术。过去业界就已经尝试实现SDR,但都没有达到目标。最近激发起对SDR兴趣的是创新性软硬件技术的出现,这些技术能够以市场可承受的价格提供足够的灵活性、性能和功率效率。例如,宽带变换器现在可以工作在宽频率范围内,根据一种特定的位分辨率处理接收到的波形,而高频处理器可以直接与信号工作,从而省掉IF(中频)级,并降低成本。     

Moving on and moving up: The experience of households who resell public sector dwellings

The long‐term consequences of the sale of public sector dwellings to sitting tenants are under‐researched; in particular, the experience of tenant purchasers in the housing market subsequent to purchase is little known. This paper reports research designed to fill this gap in knowledge. Over 200 tenants who had bought their dwelling from the Scottish Special Housing Association and subsequently resold on the open market were traced using the Register fo Sasines and the Land Register and interviewed. Most had made considerable capital gains on resale and had used some of the realised capital to trade up in the housing market. They were, on average, slightly more affluent and younger than sitting tenant purchasers generally; they represented a group of households who were privileged within the public sector through living as tenants in the best stock and who were enabled by the Right to Buy to convert that good luck into hard cash and move into mainstream owner occupation. This good luck compounded the advantaged position vis‐à‐vis other tenants that they enjoyed in the labour market.     

Impact of managed care on employment and training: A primer for survival.

Managed care has become the dominant economic force in health care delivery and has challenged many of professional psychology's training concepts and cherished attitudes. Organized psychology has not kept pace with the rapid industrialization of health care during the past decade and has been overlooked as a participant in health economic decisions. A number of changes need to be made in professional education and training if psychology is to be a major player in the new health systems. Additionally, professional psychologists must reexamine some of their most generally accepted attitudes and beliefs if they are to survive. These are described with a number of recommendations for the survival of an embattled profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An inverse method for determining elastic material properties and a material interface

A numerical procedure which integrates optimization, finite element analysis and automatic finite element mesh generation is developed for solving a two-dimensional inverse/parameter estimation problem in solid mechanics. The problem consists of determining the location and size of a circular inclusion in a finite matrix and the elastic material properties of the inclusion and the matrix. Traction and displacement boundary conditions sufficient for solving a direct problem are applied to the boundary of the domain. In addition, displacements are measured at discrete points on the part of the boundary where the tractions are prescribed. The inverse problem is solved using a modified Levenberg-Marquardt method to match the measured displacements to a finite element model solution which depends on the unknown parameters. Numerical experiments are presented to show how different factors in the problem and the solution procedure influence the accuracy of the estimated parameters.     

Multiple identity enactments and multiple personality disorder: A sociocognitive perspective.

People who enact multiple identities behave as if they possess 2 or more selves, each with its own characteristic moods, memories, and behavioral repertoire. Under different names, this phenomenon occurs in many cultures; in North American culture, it is frequently labeled multiple personality disorder (MPD). This article reviews experimental, cross-cultural, historical, and clinical findings concerning multiplicity and examines the implications of these findings for an understanding of MPD. Multiplicity is viewed from a sociocognitive perspective, and it is concluded that MPD, like other forms of multiplicity, is socially constructed. It is context bounded, goal-directed, social behavior geared to the expectations of significant others, and its characteristics have changed over time to meet changing expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessment of the Rescorla-Wagner model.

The Rescorla-Wagner model has been the most influential theory of associative learning to emerge from the study of animal behavior over the last 25 years. Recently, equivalence to this model has become a benchmark in assessing connectionist models, with such equivalence often achieved by incorporating the Widrow-Hoff delta rule. This article presents the Rescorla-Wagner model's basic assumptions, reviews some of the model's predictive successes and failures, relates the failures to the model's assumptions, and discusses the model's heuristic value. It is concluded that the model has had a positive influence on the study of simple associative learning by stimulating research and contributing to new model development. However, this benefit should neither lead to the model being regarded as inherently "correct" nor imply that its predictions can be profitably used to assess other models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Knowledge-based interpretation of architectural drawings

A method for machine interpretation of architectural (or other) schematic drawings is presented. The central problem is to build an efficient drawing parser (i.e., a program that identifies the semantic entities, characteristics, and relationships that are represented in the drawing). The parser is built from specifications of the drawing grammar and an underlying spatial model. The grammar describes what to look for, and the spatial model enables the parser to find it quickly. Coupled with existing optical recognition technology, this technique enables the use of drawings directly as: (1) a database to drive various Architecture-Engineering-Construction (AEC) applications; (2) a communication protocol to integrate CAD systems; (3) a traditional user interface.