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31.
Robert J.W. Brewin Nick J. Hardman-Mountford Samantha J. Lavender Dionysios E. Raitsos Takafumi Hirata Julia Uitz Annick Bricaud Bernard Gentili 《Remote sensing of environment》2011,115(2):325-339
Satellite remote sensing of ocean colour is the only method currently available for synoptically measuring wide-area properties of ocean ecosystems, such as phytoplankton chlorophyll biomass. Recently, a variety of bio-optical and ecological methods have been established that use satellite data to identify and differentiate between either phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) or phytoplankton size classes (PSCs). In this study, several of these techniques were evaluated against in situ observations to determine their ability to detect dominant phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton). The techniques are applied to a 10-year ocean-colour data series from the SeaWiFS satellite sensor and compared with in situ data (6504 samples) from a variety of locations in the global ocean. Results show that spectral-response, ecological and abundance-based approaches can all perform with similar accuracy. Detection of microplankton and picoplankton were generally better than detection of nanoplankton. Abundance-based approaches were shown to provide better spatial retrieval of PSCs. Individual model performance varied according to PSC, input satellite data sources and in situ validation data types. Uncertainty in the comparison procedure and data sources was considered. Improved availability of in situ observations would aid ongoing research in this field. 相似文献
32.
Probability-Based Chinese Text Processing and Retrieval 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiangji Huang Stephen Robertson Nick Cercone & Aijun An 《Computational Intelligence》2000,16(4):552-569
We discuss the use of probability-based natural language processing for Chinese text retrieval. We focus on comparing different text extraction methods and probabilistic weighting methods. Several document processing methods and probabilistic weighting functions are presented. A number of experiments have been conducted on large standard text collections. We present the experimental results that compare a word-based text processing method with a character-based method. The experimental results also compare a number of term-weighting functions including both single-unit weighting and compound-unit weighting functions. 相似文献
33.
Maria Koutantji Peter McCulloch Shabnam Undre Sanjay Gautama Simon Cunniffe Nick Sevdalis Rachel Davis Piers Thomas Charles Vincent Ara Darzi 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2008,10(4):275-285
We developed a module for surgical team training using briefings in simulated crisis scenarios and here we report preliminary
findings. Nine surgical teams (34 trainees) participated in a pre-training simulation, followed by an interactive workshop
on briefing and checklists, and then a post-training simulation. Both technical and non-technical skills were assessed via
observation during simulations by expert trainers who provided feedback on performances at the end of simulation. Trainees
also reported their attitudes to briefings and evaluated the training. Pre-training attitudes to briefing were positive, some
of which improved post-training and trainees’ evaluation of the training was positive. Surgeons’ technical skill improved
significantly post-training, but their decision-making skill was rated lower than other non-technical skills, compared to
other trainees. The training did not appear to greatly improve non-technical skill performance. Training surgical teams in
simulation is feasible but much more work is needed on measurement development and training strategy to confirm its efficacy
and utility. 相似文献
34.
Acoustic environments provide many valuable cues for context-aware computing applications. From the acoustic environment we
can infer the types of activity, communication modes and other actors involved in the activity. Environmental or background
noise can be classified with a high degree of accuracy using recordings from microphones commonly found in PDAs and other
consumer devices. We describe an acoustic environment recognition system incorporating an adaptive learning mechanism and
its use in a noise tracker. We show how this information is exploited in a mobile context framework. To illustrate our approach
we describe a context-aware multimodal weather forecasting service, which accepts spoken or written queries and presents forecast
information in several forms, including email, voice and sign languages.
相似文献
Nick RyanEmail: |
35.
Examined V. Axlines's book, Play Therapy (1947) which includes 8 basic principles on non-directive play therapy. Student responses to learning these principles in play therapy classes were also examined. Each student was assigned a play therapy client and was observed and assisted directly by the instructor, a licensed clinical psychologist. Clients were mildly trouble children (aged 5–10 yrs) and were selected from a referral base by the instructor as appropriate for the course. As the semester progressed and students gained direct experience, weekly small (3–4 student) group discussions were held to explore in-depth understanding of play therapy principles and how these principles are put into practice. It is concluded that Axline's book remains a classic text and a foremost resource in the field. Coupling it with experiential learning is an invaluable basis for teaching play therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
36.
Nick Bostrom 《Minds and Machines》2012,22(2):71-85
This paper discusses the relation between intelligence and motivation in artificial agents, developing and briefly arguing for two theses. The first, the orthogonality thesis, holds (with some caveats) that intelligence and final goals (purposes) are orthogonal axes along which possible artificial intellects can freely vary??more or less any level of intelligence could be combined with more or less any final goal. The second, the instrumental convergence thesis, holds that as long as they possess a sufficient level of intelligence, agents having any of a wide range of final goals will pursue similar intermediary goals because they have instrumental reasons to do so. In combination, the two theses help us understand the possible range of behavior of superintelligent agents, and they point to some potential dangers in building such an agent. 相似文献
37.
Robert Rieger Martin Schuettler Dipankar Pal Chris Clarke Peter Langlois John Taylor Nick Donaldson 《IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering》2006,14(4):427-437
In this paper, we describe the design and testing of a system for recording electroneurographic signals (ENG) from a multielectrode nerve cuff (MEC). This device, which is an extension of the conventional nerve signal recording cuff, enables ENG to be classified by action potential velocity. In addition to electrical measurements, we provide preliminary in vitro data obtained from frogs that demonstrate the validity of the technique for the first time. Since typical ENG signals are extremely small, on the order of 1 1 microV, very low-noise, high-gain amplifiers are required. The ten-channel system we describe was realized in a 0.8 microm CMOS technology and detailed measured results are presented. The overall gain is 10 000 and the total input-referred root mean square (rms) noise in a bandwidth 1 Hz-5 kHZ is 291 nV. The active area is 12 mm(2) and the power consumption is 24 mW from +/-2.5 V power supplies. 相似文献
38.
Sergio L. González-Cortés Tian-Cun Xiao Nick Rees Dora Méhn Malcolm L.H. Green 《Materials Research Bulletin》2005,40(7):1112-1119
The first examples of mesostructured materials containing Mo- and W-oxo-sulphur species incorporated into a poorly ordered MCM-41 framework have been prepared under hydrothermal condition and alkaline medium. The incorporation of oxygen-sulphur derivates of molybdenum and tungsten not only increases significantly the pore diameter, but also improves the thermal stability of the MCM-41-related mesoporous material. 相似文献
39.
For small, portable devices, speech input has the advantages of low-cost and small hardware, can be used on the move or whilst
the eyes & hands are busy, and is natural and quick. Rather than rely on imperfect speech recognition we propose that information
entered as speech is kept as speech and suitable tools are provided to allow quick and easy access to the speech-as-data records.
This paper summarises our work on the technologies needed for these tools – for organising, browsing, searching and compressing
the stored speech. These technologies go a long way towards giving stored speech the characteristics of text without the associated
input problems.
Received: 5 March 2002 / Accepted: 1 September 2002
Nick Haddock Consultant
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the whole HP Labs Gryphon team for their valuable contributions to this work - Mike Collins
for the hierarchical chunking algorithm, Erik Geelhoed and David Frohlich for the users perspective, Richard Hull for starting
off the compression work, Steve Loughran for productisation, and Dave Reynolds for his consistent advice and support. We would
also like to thank our partners at Cambridge University, Steve Young and Tony Robinson, whose expertise and technology formed
the foundation for this work, as well as the efforts of Kate Knill on wordspotting, Carl Seymour on compression, James Christie
on recognition, and Robin Valenza whose brief excursion into the world of speech technology helped develop a simple and effective
summarisation technique. Finally we would like to thank the reviewers for their many helpful comments. 相似文献
40.
This paper outlines a philosophical and psycho-physiological basis for embodied perception, and develops a framework for conceptual embodiment of vision-guided robots. We argue that categorisation is important in all stages of robot vision. Further, that classical computer vision is unsuitable for this categorisation, however, through conceptual embodiment, active perception can be effective. We present a methodology for developing vision-guided robots that applies embodiment, explicitly and implicitly, in categorising visual data to facilitate efficient perception and action. Finally, we present systems developed using this methodology, and demonstrate that embodied categorisation can make algorithms more efficient and robust. 相似文献