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101.
Among all types of fuel cells, attention is being drawn lately on high temperature Polybenzimidazole (PBI) PEM because their operative temperature range (120-180 °C) increases the tolerance to carbon monoxide. This feature allows working with low quality hydrogen produced by hydrocarbon reformation. Most of the literature on PBI PEM deals with membrane and MEA related issues, however, cell efficiency and specially, commercial feasibility are conditioned by other fuel cell components as bipolar plates. In the present study the focus is on the effect of the flow field geometry of high temperature PBI PEM composite bipolar plates on the overall performance of the cell. For this purpose, three different channel geometries are studied: two serpentine flow fields and parallel channels flow field. Results show that serpentine geometry yields higher performance though it introduces higher pressure drop along the cell as well. 相似文献
102.
Antonin Faes Zacharie WuilleminPietro Tanasini Nicola AccardoStefano Modena Hans J. SchindlerMarco Cantoni Henning Lübbe Stefan DiethelmAïcha Hessler-Wyser Jan Van herle 《Journal of power sources》2011,196(21):8909-8917
One of the major limitations of the nickel (Ni) - yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode support for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is its low capability to withstand transients between reducing and oxidizing atmospheres (“RedOx” cycle), owing to the Ni-to-NiO volume expansion. This work presents results on different anode supports fabricated by tape casting. Three compositions are prepared, as the outcome of a preceding design of experiment approach. The NiO proportion is 40, 50 and 60 wt% of the anode composite.The anode support characteristics like shrinkage during sintering, in-situ conductivity at high temperature, electrochemical performance and tolerance against RedOx cycles have been measured. Performance up to 0.72 W cm−2 (0.62 V, 800 °C) is recorded for the 60 wt% NiO sample on small cells. The open circuit voltage is maintained within ±5 mV after 10 full RedOx cycles at 800 °C and one at 850 °C. Performances tend to be stabilized after one or multiple RedOx cycles. The microstructural observations show round Ni particles after the first reduction; after a RedOx cycle, the Ni particles include micro-porosities that are stable under humidified reducing atmosphere for more than 300 h. 相似文献
103.
针对容积式膨胀机出口压力与冷凝器内背压不同导致不可逆损失现象的存在,改进并设计了可变膨胀比的滚动活塞式膨胀机,并分析其工作原理。以R245fa为工质,研究了蒸发器内有机工质无过热、膨胀机无泄漏条件下,系统参数变化对膨胀机最佳膨胀比的影响。结果表明:膨胀机的最佳膨胀比受膨胀机效率的影响很小,而受发生温度和冷凝温度的影响较大,蒸发温度越高,最佳膨胀比越大,冷凝温度越高,最佳膨胀比越小,当系统某参数变化时,可以通过调节系统的其他参数使膨胀机处于最佳膨胀比下运行。为膨胀机膨胀比的设计和运行工况的选择提供参考依据。 相似文献
104.
针对水环真空泵由于其初始设计考虑不够全面及运行控制技术存在一些误区造成实际运行中出现的一些问题,提出通过降低工作水温度的冷却措施,大幅度提高真空泵的抽吸能力,有效解决了机组夏季真空度偏低问题,改造后可使凝汽器真空提高1.5~2 k Pa,获得较好的经济效益,目前在国内已有类似设备成功应用。 相似文献
105.
阀门是火力发电厂重要的辅助设备之一,针对目前火力发电厂无法实现阀门内部泄漏故障有效检测的问题,结合LabVIEW软件编程特点和阀门泄漏故障检测要求,开发设计了阀门泄漏故障声发射在线监测系统。该系统由硬件和软件两部分组成,硬件系统采用了工业便携式计算机设计方案,使整套检测系统携带方便、拆卸简单灵活;软件系统则针对阀门泄漏声发射信号特点,设置了特定的状态检测指标,可实现阀门泄漏率的定量诊断和分等级报警。本研究检测试验表明:阀门泄漏故障声发射在线监测系统可以迅速捕捉到阀门泄漏故障,并可实现阀门泄漏率的定量诊断。 相似文献
106.
107.
S. Chandra J. Chapman A. Power J. Roberts D. Cozzolino 《Food Analytical Methods》2017,10(12):3947-3955
The origin of wine has an important relevance not only in relation to the sustainability of the production systems but also in relation to wine quality, having great impact in terms of the economy of small producer. Terms such as protected geographical status (PGS), protected designation of origin (PDO), protected geographical indication (PGI) and traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG) are been used to characterise wines from different regions and countries. Despite the number of papers and reports published in the literature in relation to issues such as authenticity and discrimination in wine, few reports can be found that explore the use of molecular spectroscopy to specifically target denomination of origin. This report reviews the use of molecular spectroscopy to address such issues within the wine industry. 相似文献
108.
109.
介绍了一台燃气锅炉在尾部加装翅片管束冷凝换热装置后的实炉运行情况及节能效果。运行结果表明:加装分离式冷凝换热器回收燃气锅炉尾气中的显热与潜热,技术措施可行,节能效果明显,热效率提高6%以上,经济效益可观。通过实炉实验研究还获得了低烟速下含有水蒸气冷凝换热的翅片管束复合放热特性实验关联式,可供设计及运行单位参考。 相似文献
110.
S. Fröhlich J. Redfern L. Petitpierre J.D. Marshall M. Power P.V. Grech 《Journal of Petroleum Geology》2010,33(1):3-18
This paper assesses the diagenetic history of potential fluvial hydrocarbon reservoir rocks deposited within incised valley systems of the Lower Carboniferous Marar Formation in western Libya. Outcrop data were collected in the Tinedhan Anticline, located at the southern margin of the Ghadames Basin. Four discrete intervals with channelized sandstones were identified in a section dominated by alternating offshore mudstones and shallow-marine clastics. The incised channels were cut during major sea-level lowstands, and filled by fluvial sandstone packages up to 50 m thick. Fifty-eight samples from four different localities, representing three lowstand systems tracts, were analysed to obtain a statistically meaningful mineralogical and compositional dataset. In addition to burial compaction, three main diagenetic events influenced the reservoir quality of the sandstones. Firstly, early eodiagenesis involved kaolinitization of plagioclase grains. This began before subsequent calcite cementation, probably as a result of flushing by meteoric pore-waters. The deformation of kaolinite during later compaction resulted in the formation of pseudomatrix which further reduced porosity and permeability. Kaolinite is commonly transformed to illite at temperatures above 140°C in the presence of K-feldspar. Although K-feldspar was recorded in the samples, no illite was observed, suggesting that the Lower Carboniferous strata in the study area were not buried in excess of approximately 3.5 km. The second diagenetic phase was the precipitation of calcite cement, present either dispersed throughout the sandbodies or as concretions up to 2 m across, in both cases reducing reservoir quality. The high intergranular volumes (IGV) of calcite-cemented sandstones (ranging between 35% and 40%) suggest that cementation occurred at burial depths of <500 m. Sandstones without calcite cement have lower IGV of between 17% and 25% as a result of mechanical and chemical compaction. Stable C and O isotope analysis of the calcite cement also supports precipitation at shallow burial depths, indicating a meteoric pore-water source for the calcite. The third and final diagenetic stage was partial chloritisation of kaolinite during meso-diagenesis. The elevated temperatures required for this transformation indicate burial to a minimum depth of approximately 2.5 km, which is consistent with the compaction data. Despite these diagenetic effects, the fluvial sandstones have an average porosity of 12%, with a range from 0.5% up to 25%. Permeability measurements on four sandstone samples indicate that the development of pseudomatrix did not reduce permeability significantly. 相似文献