全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3183篇 |
免费 | 210篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 48篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
化学工业 | 798篇 |
金属工艺 | 73篇 |
机械仪表 | 52篇 |
建筑科学 | 76篇 |
矿业工程 | 5篇 |
能源动力 | 110篇 |
轻工业 | 319篇 |
水利工程 | 23篇 |
石油天然气 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 296篇 |
一般工业技术 | 646篇 |
冶金工业 | 280篇 |
原子能技术 | 24篇 |
自动化技术 | 646篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 120篇 |
2020年 | 93篇 |
2019年 | 87篇 |
2018年 | 88篇 |
2017年 | 93篇 |
2016年 | 119篇 |
2015年 | 103篇 |
2014年 | 139篇 |
2013年 | 196篇 |
2012年 | 223篇 |
2011年 | 260篇 |
2010年 | 210篇 |
2009年 | 181篇 |
2008年 | 172篇 |
2007年 | 157篇 |
2006年 | 149篇 |
2005年 | 97篇 |
2004年 | 81篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 41篇 |
1998年 | 87篇 |
1997年 | 67篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有3399条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
J de Seze JC Hache P Vermersch CF Arndt CA Maurage F Pasquier JL Laplanche MM Ruchoux D Leys A Destée H Petit 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,51(4):962-967
OBJECTIVE: The predictive value of electrophysiologic visual testing in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was investigated, and the retinal pathologic findings in three cases are reported. BACKGROUND: The fatal prognosis of CJD, its transmissibility, and the lack of treatment make early diagnosis essential in averting human-to-human transmission. Electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials have been studied in few cases of CJD. METHODS: A visual electrophysiologic examination was performed in 41 consecutive patients referred with suspected CJD. The disease had been diagnosed in 24 patients (CJD group; 15 were confirmed neuropathologically and 9 by clinicolaboratory methods in accordance with diagnostic criteria). The remaining 17 patients were diagnosed with other neurologic disorders, and served as a control group. RESULTS: Flash electroretinogram revealed a significant decrease in the amplitude of the B1 wave (<60 microV) and the B/A ratio (<2) in the CJD group compared with those in the control group. Flash visual evoked potentials revealed no significant difference in latency, but amplitude was increased (>10 microV) in the CJD group, especially in patients with myoclonus. CONCLUSIONS: The visual electrophysiologic abnormalities provide an interesting noninvasive diagnostic tool in idiopathic CJD. The B1-wave decrease is closely correlated with the outer plexiform layer abnormalities observed on neuropathologic examination. 相似文献
32.
M Krasteva J Kehren F Horand H Akiba G Choquet MT Ducluzeau R Tédone JL Garrigue D Kaiserlian JF Nicolas 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,160(3):1181-1190
We have previously reported that contact sensitivity (CS) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in C57BL/6 mice was mediated by MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells and down-regulated by MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of dendritic cells (DC) in the induction of these two T cell subsets endowed with opposite functions. Hapten-pulsed skin- and bone marrow-derived DC, obtained from either normal C57BL/6 mice or from MHC class II (I+ II-) and MHC class I (I- II+)-deficient mice, were tested for their ability to prime normal mice for CS to dinitrofluorobenzene. Expression of MHC class I molecules by transferred DC was mandatory both for the induction of CS and for the generation of hapten-specific CD8+ T cells in lymphoid organs. I+ II- DC were as potent as I+ II+ DC in priming for CS, demonstrating that activation of effector CD8+ T cells can occur independently of CD4+ T cell help. I- II+ DC could not immunize for CS, although they could sensitize for a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to protein Ags. Moreover, I- II+ DC injected simultaneously with cutaneous sensitization down-regulated the inflammatory response, suggesting that hapten presentation by MHC class II molecules could prime regulatory CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that DC can present haptenated peptides by both MHC class I and class II molecules and activate Ag-specific CD8+ effector and CD4+ regulatory T cell subsets, concurrently and independently. 相似文献
33.
Farouk Belkadi Nicolas Dremont Alban Notin Nadege Troussier Mourad Messadia 《Annual Reviews in Control》2012,36(2):346-358
The design of complex system requires a lot of interactions between experts and then between numerous Computer Aided X software (CAX) (where X can be Design (CAD), Engineering (CAE), Manufacturing (CAM), etc.). In order to improve the consistency of the whole system design and the related data and information, knowledge crossing the expertises must be tracked and formalized regarding a shared reference. That means that instead of defining a large reference models to which each expert refers to, a light collaborative model is defined enabling to connect data from each expert model to adhoc data from other expert models, following the least commitment principle. In this topic, a new meta-model is proposed in a Model-Driven Engineering approach to manage the integration of heterogeneous experts’ knowledge models in a collaborative process. The structure of the proposed knowledge meta-model is defined taking into account the complexity of knowledge definition and the properties of its components. This meta-model is split in a meta-model of data on one hand and a Collaboration Meta-Model in the other hand, to represent the distinction between the core concepts of knowledge and additional elements serving to represent the relation between these concepts, and between concepts of heterogeneous experts’ models. The proposed meta-model is illustrated on an industrial case study to highlight the way to put it in use, and its interests to enable collaboration between experts throughout the design process. 相似文献
34.
Ogier Maitre Frédéric Krüger Stéphane Querry Nicolas Lachiche Pierre Collet 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2012,16(2):261-279
EASEA is a framework designed to help non-expert programmers to optimize their problems by evolutionary computation. It allows
to generate code targeted for standard CPU architectures, GPGPU-equipped machines as well as distributed memory clusters.
In this paper, EASEA is presented by its underlying algorithms and by some example problems. Achievable speedups are also
shown onto different NVIDIA GPGPUs cards for different optimization algorithm families. 相似文献
35.
Alexander Kutschera Ursula Schombel Dominik Schwudke Stefanie Ranf Nicolas Gisch 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is important for bacterial viability in general and host–pathogen interactions in particular. Negative charges at its core oligosaccharide (core-OS) contribute to membrane integrity through bridging interactions with divalent cations. The molecular structure and synthesis of the core-OS have been resolved in various bacteria including the mammalian pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A few core-OS structures of plant-associated Pseudomonas strains have been solved to date, but the genetic components of the underlying biosynthesis remained unclear. We conducted a comparative genome analysis of the core-OS gene cluster in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, a widely used model pathogen in plant–microbe interactions, within the P. syringae species complex and to other plant-associated Pseudomonas strains. Our results suggest a genetic and structural conservation of the inner core-OS but variation in outer core-OS composition within the P. syringae species complex. Structural analysis of the core-OS of Pst DC3000 shows an uncommonly high phosphorylation and presence of an O-acetylated sugar. Finally, we combined the results of our genomic survey with available structure information to estimate the core-OS composition of other Pseudomonas species. 相似文献
36.
Clarisse Roblin Steve Chiumento Cdric Jacqueline Eric Pinloche Cendrine Nicoletti Hamza Olleik Elise Courvoisier-Dezord Agns Amouric Christian Basset Louis Dru Marie Ollivier Aurlie Bogey-Lambert Nicolas Vidal Mohamed Atta Marc Maresca Estelle Devillard Victor Duarte Josette Perrier Mickael Lafond 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
The world is on the verge of a major antibiotic crisis as the emergence of resistant bacteria is increasing, and very few novel molecules have been discovered since the 1960s. In this context, scientists have been exploring alternatives to conventional antibiotics, such as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Interestingly, the highly potent in vitro antibacterial activity and safety of ruminococcin C1, a recently discovered RiPP belonging to the sactipeptide subclass, has been demonstrated. The present results show that ruminococcin C1 is efficient at curing infection and at protecting challenged mice from Clostridium perfringens with a lower dose than the conventional antibiotic vancomycin. Moreover, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is also effective against this pathogen in the complex microbial community of the gut environment, with a selective impact on a few bacterial genera, while maintaining a global homeostasis of the microbiome. In addition, ruminococcin C1 exhibits other biological activities that could be beneficial for human health, as well as other fields of applications. Overall, this study, by using an in vivo infection approach, confirms the antimicrobial clinical potential and highlights the multiple functional properties of ruminococcin C1, thus extending its therapeutic interest. 相似文献
37.
A predictive model was developed for the fully developed zone of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser reactor operating in the fast fluidization regime that overcomes limitations of existing models. The model accounts for the upward flow of gas and solids in the core and downward flow of the two phases in the annulus. Additionally, a numerical solution methodology for the simulation of a riser reactor employing the hydrodynamic model was devised. A simulation was performed using the fast, main Claus reaction to demonstrate the effects of backmixing in the fast fluidization regime. It was found that the molar flow rates of the reactants leaving a fast fluidized CFB riser reactor were significantly higher than those leaving an identical reactor operating in the pneumatic transport regime. 相似文献
38.
S. M. Ali Eslami Nicolas Heess Christopher K. I. Williams John Winn 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2014,107(2):155-176
A good model of object shape is essential in applications such as segmentation, detection, inpainting and graphics. For example, when performing segmentation, local constraints on the shapes can help where object boundaries are noisy or unclear, and global constraints can resolve ambiguities where background clutter looks similar to parts of the objects. In general, the stronger the model of shape, the more performance is improved. In this paper, we use a type of deep Boltzmann machine (Salakhutdinov and Hinton, International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, 2009) that we call a Shape Boltzmann Machine (SBM) for the task of modeling foreground/background (binary) and parts-based (categorical) shape images. We show that the SBM characterizes a strong model of shape, in that samples from the model look realistic and it can generalize to generate samples that differ from training examples. We find that the SBM learns distributions that are qualitatively and quantitatively better than existing models for this task. 相似文献
39.
Phillip H. Henna Dejan D. Andjelkovic Petit P. Kundu Richard C. Larock 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,104(2):979-985
New polymeric thermosets were prepared through the bulk free‐radical copolymerization of 100% conjugated linseed oil, acrylonitrile, and divinylbenzene. Under the appropriate reaction conditions and with the appropriate curing sequence, 61–96 wt % of the oil was incorporated into the crosslinked thermosets. The resulting yellow, transparent thermosets varied from being soft and flexible to being hard and brittle. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis showed that these thermosets had good mechanical properties and thermal stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 979–985, 2007 相似文献
40.
NOx sorption and reduction capacities of 12-tungstophosphoric acid hexahydrate (H3PW12O40·6H2O, HPW) were measured under representative alternating conditions of lean and rich exhaust-type gas mixture. Under lean conditions, the sorption of NOx is large and is equivalent to 37 mg of NOx/gHPW. Although a part of these NOx remains unreduced, HPW is able to reduce some of the NOx to produce N2 by a reaction between the sorbed NO2 and hydrocarbon (HC), but this process is slow. The addition of 1% Pt affects strongly the chemical behaviour occurring during the course of a rich operation. The NO desorption observed at the beginning of the rich phase is strongly accelerated. The direct correlation between NO2 consumption and CO2 production shows that the principal pathway is the reaction CO+NO2→CO2+NO. In a mixture of reducing gas (CO, HC, H2), the competition is strongly in favour of CO though in its absence the reaction observed was the hydrogenation of propene to propane. 相似文献