道路生态学融注城市道路景观规划初探——以武汉花山生态新城为例

该文首先指出道路生态景观建设是体现花山生态新城的重要表征,然后定位了花山生态新城道路系统生态景观总特征,尝试从道路生态学的角度,对花山滨水道路、路边植物、路面、亮化、道路休闲等几个方面初步探讨道路生态景观营建的措施,对今后道路生态景观建设起到参考作用。     

运用城市设计辅助城市规划管理的探索——以泰安天庭园地段城市设计为例

该文从控制性详细规划存在的问题入手,分析当前规划编制过程中的现实问题,并以泰安天庭园地段城市设计为例,详细论述了此次城市设计研究的各个层面对于控规的回应,深入探讨城市设计如何作用于控规的编制,挖掘控规与城市设计的内在联系,进而明确城市设计如何辅助城市规划管理.该文提出用城市设计辅助城市规划管理的方法旨在解决两个问题:第一,解决控规在规划管理过程中存在的问题,提高控规编制的可靠性;第二,在一定意义上实现城市设计的合法化,进而使城市设计在城市规划管理中起到有效的作用.     

江西省某办公建筑的行为节能分析

目前我国建筑运行能耗约占我国全社会总能耗的30％,建筑节能降耗是摆在我们面前的重要课题。笔者通过对江西省某办公建筑电能消耗特点的研究分析,找出其用能不合理之处,进而提出节能管理方法,力求无成本或低成本的节能改造,降低建筑的能源消耗。     

Co‐occupant's exposure to exhaled pollutants with two types of personalized ventilation strategies under mixing and displacement ventilation systems

Personalized ventilation (PV) system in conjunction with total ventilation system can provide cleaner inhaled air for the user. Concerns still exist about whether the normally protecting PV device, on the other hand, facilitates the dispersion of infectious agents generated by its user. In this article, two types of PV systems with upward supplied fresh air, namely a chair‐based PV and one kind of desk‐mounted PV systems, when combined with mixing ventilation (MV) and displacement ventilation (DV) systems, are investigated using simulation method with regard to their impacts on co‐occupant's exposure to the exhaled droplet nuclei generated by the infected PV user. Simulation results of tracer gas and particles with aerodynamic diameter of 1, 5, and 10 μm from exhaled air show that, when only the infected person uses a PV, the different PV air supplying directions present very different impacts on the co‐occupant's intake under DV, while no apparent differences can be observed under MV. The findings demonstrate that better inhaled air quality can always be achieved under DV when the adopted PV system can deliver conditioned fresh air in the same direction with the mainly upward airflow patterns of DV.     

The airborne transmission of infection between flats in high-rise residential buildings: Tracer gas simulation

Airborne transmission of infectious respiratory diseases in indoor environments has drawn our attention for decades, and this issue is revitalized with the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). One of the concerns is that there may be multiple transmission routes across households in high-rise residential buildings, one of which is the natural ventilative airflow through open windows between flats, caused by buoyancy effects. Our early on-site measurement using tracer gases confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively that the re-entry of the exhaust-polluted air from the window of the lower floor into the adjacent upper floor is a fact. This study presents the modeling of this cascade effect using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. It is found that the presence of the pollutants generated in the lower floor is generally lower in the immediate upper floor by two orders of magnitude, but the risk of infection calculated by the Wells–Riley equation is only around one order of magnitude lower. It is found that, with single-side open-window conditions, wind blowing perpendicularly to the building may either reinforce or suppress the upward transport, depending on the wind speed. High-speed winds can restrain the convective transfer of heat and mass between flats, functioning like an air curtain. Despite the complexities of the air flow involved, it is clear that this transmission route should be taken into account in infection control.     

黎里古镇传统营建生态之历史经验

中国古代在营建活动中积累了大量朴素的生态学思想和历史经验,它浸透在中国人生活的方方面面。本文以江苏黎里古镇为例,从古镇的选址规划、建筑布局、建筑营建等层面,对其聚落建筑在特定时期、特定气候条件下建立起来的生态适应性设计经验进行探讨,总结该地区传统聚落在布局与营建活动中的生态历史经验。     

嘉兴地区文物建筑防雷现状及对策分析

文物是不可再生的珍贵文化遗产,尤其是全国重点文物保护单位更是“国宝”级的稀缺资源.在开展全国重点文物保护单位防雷安全专项检查的基础上,分析了嘉兴地区全国重点文物保护单位的文物建筑防雷现状.结果显示,多数文物建筑防雷安全工作不符合规定要求,存在重大安全隐患,防雷安全问题亟待解决;最后,通过对各文物建筑易造受雷击损害的特点进行了分析,提出了可行的雷电灾害防御对策.     

利用高密度电阻率法确定滑坡面研究

高密度电阻率法探测是滑坡面探测的有效手段，而适宜的现场工作方案和相应的资料解译模型是获取可靠探测成果的前提。针对高密度电阻率法探测中常用的4类电极排列方式，即温纳、施龙贝格、偶极、二极装置，利用有限元方法二维正演模拟建立了均质土坡滑面、软弱夹层滑面、堆积层滑面、构造破碎带滑面的标准地电模型剖面；明确了进行不同类型滑坡工程地质调查时不同电测装置的探测能力和视电阻率异常模式；提出了复杂地质条件卜斜坡问题探测数据有效处理的设计比值参数方法。最后给出2个利用高密度电阻率法进行滑坡工程地质调查的典型研究实例。     

当前我国防水材料行业发展中存在的几个问题

指出了我国建筑防水行业发展中存在的一些问题，如屋面防水材料与地下防水材料不加区分，改性沥青防水卷材质量呈现明显劣化的趋势．高分子防水卷材发展偏离方向等等，以期引起行业人士的重视。     

The role of UV-B on the degradation of PCDD/Fs and PAHs sorbed on surfaces of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) needles

Photodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorbed on surfaces of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) needles was investigated. The role of sunlight and, in particular, the role of short wavelength UV-B radiation were studied in a sun simulator under controlled environmental conditions. The photodegradation of PCDD/Fs and PAHs follows first-order kinetics. Simulated sunlight containing UV-B induced two phases of photodegradation kinetics for PCDD/Fs, whereas no distinct phases of the kinetics were observed for PAHs. UV-B radiation plays a much more important role on the photodegradation for PCDD/Fs than that for PAHs. Direct photolysis dominates the photodegradation of PCDD/Fs and PAHs.