DRYING AND DEWATERING R&D IN JAPAN

Presently, it has become an urgent and important concern worldwide to reduce the volume of waste and rationally use the waste for electric power generation. Sludge is a dominant part in the family of wastes. Drying of sludge, not only for volume reduction but also for further utilization, is becoming an essential and integral process. On the other hand, as the requirement of new materials production, for example, fine particles of micron or sub-micron scale for advanced materials, some new drying technologies and techniques have emerged. The market-pull may be the direct and active impetus to drying research and development (R&D). In this paper, drying technologies for sludges, fine particles, coatings as well as advanced dewatering are discussed to reflect the “hot” points of drying and dewatering R&D in Japan. And some novel dryers are also presented.     

Catalytic Activities of Alcohol Transformations Over 8-Ring Zeolites

Aluminosilicate H/CHA and H/MTF zeolites show remarkably different catalytic activities in the methanol and ethanol transformations although they have similar pore size of 8-membered ring structures. Moreover, the produced ethylene is further converted on H/CHA, but H/MTF is not active for the ethylene transformation. The correlations between the distinct catalytic differences and their intrinsic structural properties, including topology and acidity, are discussed.     

Chemical vapour deposition of Si3N4 from a gas mixture of Si2Cl6, NH3 and H2

Si₃N₄ layers were obtained on a quartz substrate from a gas mixture of Si₂Cl₆, NH₃ and H₂ under a reduced pressure in a temperature range of 800 to 1300‡ C. Amorphous Si₃N₄ layers that were dense and adherent to the substrate were obtained in a temperature range of 800 to 1100‡ C. On the other hand,α-Si₃N₄ layers were obtained at 1200‡ C and a source-gas ratio (N/Si) of 1.33 to 1.77. The lowest deposition temperature of amorphous Si₃N₄ was considered to be about 700‡ C. The microhardness of amorphous Si₃N₄ obtained in a temperature range of 800 to 1100‡ C was 2400 to 2600 kg mm⁻² (load: 50 g), and that ofα-Si₃N₄ obtained at 1200‡ C was 3400 kg mm⁻². Chlorine contents in the Si₃N₄ layer decreased with increasing deposition temperature and source-gas ratio (N/Si), and with decreasing total pressure.     

Isolation of mRNAs induced by a hazardous chemical in white-rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor, by differential display

During January through December 1993, twelve symptomatic infants and children (6 females, 6 males) with human immunodeficiency virus infection were prospectively evaluated for their cardiovascular clinical manifestations and ventricular functions, using two-dimensional, M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic examination. From auscultation, the pulmonic component of the second heart sound was accentuated in 8 cases and the murmur of atrioventricula valve regurgitation and pericardial friction rub were audible in 7 and 6 patients, respectively. Cardiomegaly and venous congestion were present on chest roentgenogram in 6 cases and electrocardiogram was abnormal in 5. The echocardiogram demonstrated elevated pulmonary arterial pressure in 9 patients. There were 5 cases of non-tamponade pericardial effusion. Five patients had mitral and pulmonary insufficiency while six had tricuspid insufficiency. The ejection fraction and shortening fraction were increased in all. The incidence of pulmonary hypertension was more frequent than previously reported.     

Further Investigations on the Promoting Effect of Mesoporous Silica on Base-Catalyzed Aldol Reaction

Addition of an ordered mesoporous silica to a mixture of an aldol reaction, comprising 4-nitrobenzaldehyde with acetone catalyzed by organic amines, caused significant increase in the reaction rate to afford the β-hydroxyketone in high yield. A cooperative effect between the surface silanol and amine was considered to be the likely reason for the rate-enhancement, which was supported by FTIR spectroscopy.     

常德发酵米粉中的微生物分离纯化与鉴定

本文对常德发酵米粉中的微生物进行了分离纯化,并用试剂盒对其进行了鉴定.鉴定结果为胚芽乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaum）等十二株乳酸杆菌,鸟链球菌（Enterococcus avium）等五株乳酸链球菌,酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cervisiae）等九株酵母菌.     

Two-tone metal pattern transfer technique using a single mold surface

There is growing demand for a fine metal-patterning technique to fabricate devices of the next generation, such as patterned media, plasmon photonics, and nanoscale electrodes. Nanotransfer printing (nTP) using a nanoscale patterned stamp has recently received considerable attention because of its high throughput and high resolution. To increase the throughput of the process further, it will be necessary to be able to use the stamp repeatedly, because fabrication of the stamp is a comparatively lengthy process. However, after the first transfer process, residual metal in the concave areas of the stamp obstructs the continuation of the transfer process. We examined a two-tone metal pattern transfer technique using a single mold after the first transfer process. The obstructive gold pattern in the mold could be removed and obtained as a negative tone by using a layer of polymer as a transfer substrate.     

Fast quadratic increase of multiport-storage-cell area with portnumber

It is shown that the space required for wordline/bitline routing leads to a quadratic multiport-storage-cell area increase with port number N, dominating from as little as N=2, N=6 for small ROM and large SRAM cell types, respectively. Larger N results in enormous area increases (e.g. by a factor of 80 for a 32-port SRAM)I making conventional multiport memories unacceptable for most practical applications