Nanopoxia: Targeting Cancer Hypoxia by Antimonene-Based Nanoplatform for Precision Cancer Therapy

Most anticancer drugs with broad toxicities are systematically administrated to cancer patients and their distribution in tumors is extremely low owing to hypoxia, which compromises the therapeutic efficacies of these cancer drugs. Consequently, a preponderant proportion of cancer drugs is distributed in off-target-healthy tissues, which often causes severe adverse effects. Precision cancer therapy without overdosing patients with drugs remains one of the most challenging issues in cancer therapy. Here, a novel concept of nanopoxia is presented, which is a tumor-hypoxia-based photodynamic nanoplatform for the release of therapeutic agents to achieve precision cancer therapy. Under tumor hypoxia, exposure of tumors to laser irradiation induces the fracture of polymer outer shell and produces anticancer reactive oxygen species, and switches 2D antimonene (Sb) nanomaterials to cytotoxic trivalent antimony to synergistically kill tumors. In preclinical cancer models, delivery of Sb nanomaterials to mice virtually ablates tumor growth without producing any detectable adverse effects. Mechanistically, the tumor hypoxia-triggered generation of trivalent antimony displays direct damaging effects on cancer cells and suppression of tumor angiogenesis. Together, the study provides a proof-of-concept of hypoxia-based precision cancer therapy by developing a novel nanoplatform that offers multifarious mechanisms of cancer eradication.     

射频集成电路周期稳态快速模拟算法的研究

使用拟牛顿（Newton）算法，不同计算Jacobi矩阵，保留了Newto法的超线性收敛特性，是求解大规模非线性方程组的有效方法。文章提出了应用拟Newton法快速求解电路周期稳态响应的拟Newton打靶法和拟Newton谐波平衡法。实验结果表明，拟Newton打靶法和拟Newton谐波平衡法具有较高的计算效率。     

RF电路瞬态包络分析算法研究

瞬态包络分析算法是一种快速有效的仿真算法，被广泛应用于RF电路仿真中，文章主要研究了基于打靶法的瞬态包络分析算法－采样包络算法，并给出了该算法的具体流程和计算机实现结果。     

Third-generation virtualized architecture for the MVNO context

The third-generation architectures have to support multiple mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). They have also to host different types of these virtual operators. Virtualizing these architectures will allow the MVNOs to rapidly deploy their equipment. It will separate the management domain between them and the mobile host operator. It will also allow sharing resources and reducing the deployment cost. Motivated by these requirements, we propose some MVNO distributed architectures. First of all, we evaluate the physical and virtual deployment time, then we define the utility function of the equipment for the different types of MVNOs. The utility function evaluates the gain in deployment time for each type of MVNO. This function has to be maximized. Our study demonstrates that the data calls type is the best MVNO candidate for virtualization. This latter consistently yields the best overall utility across an important number of network equipment to be virtualized by varying the time required for software installation and the time spent to determine the physical position of the equipment.     

Field theoretical treatment of H-plane waveguide junctionswith anisotropic medium

A method based on the equivalence principle and cavity field expansions is used to analyze an H-plane waveguide junction containing an anisotropic (ferrite or composite ferrite) post. Using the equivalence principle, magnetic surface currents are introduced at the imaginary boundaries chosen between the central region of the junction and the waveguides. The electric displacement in the junction can be completely expressed in terms of a solenoidal set. On the other hand, the magnetic induction in the junction must be expressed in terms of a solenoidal set and an irrotational set. Continuing the tangential magnetic field at the imaginary boundaries leads to a matrix equation, the unknowns of which are the amplitudes of the scattered waveguide modes. Using this method, H-plane waveguide junctions with ferrite and composite ferrite posts are considered. The numerical results show excellent agreement with previously published experimental and theoretical results     

Coplanar waveguide with top and bottom shields in place ofair-bridges

A convenient technique for the elimination of the coupled slot-line mode in coplanar waveguide (CPW) nonsymmetric circuits is proposed. This technique simply uses top and/or bottom ground plane shields and avoids the more costly airbridges. These shields are easy to fabricate; however, they may slightly affect the propagation of the CPW mode in the form of power leakage into the parallel plate TEM mode. This effect can be avoided by restricting operation to lower frequencies. Numerical comparisons between the effect of the shields and the airbridges on a CPW filter are presented     

Thermal Aging Effects on Cu Ball Shear Strength and Cu/Al Intermetallic Growth

Intermetallic growth and ball shear behavior of annealed Cu wire bonds on Al have been studied. The shear strength of Cu ball bonds decreased with time, and ductile fracture was the dominant failure mode from 125°C to 150°C. Al pad peel-off occurred as the aging temperature was increased above 150°C. The overall Cu/Al intermetallic thickness exhibited parabolic behavior as a function of time. A linear correlation was established between ball shear strength, metal peel-off occurrence, and intermetallic growth. The Cu/Al intermetallic growth activation energy was 0.23 eV, and the intermetallics identified in the experiment were CuAl₂ and CuAl.     

Effect of wafer thinning methods towards fracture strength and topography of silicon die

This paper characterizes die damage resulting from various wafer thinning processes. Die fracture strength is measured using ball breaker test with respect to die surface finish. Further study on surface roughness and topography of each surface finish is obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Stress relief process with 25 μm removal is able to strengthen 100 μm wafer by 20.4% using chemical wet etch and 75 μm wafer by 36.4% with plasma etch. Relatively, plasma etching shows higher fracture strength and flexibility compared to chemical wet etch. This is due to topography of the finished surface of plasma etch is smoother and rounded, leading to a reduced stress concentration, hence improved fracture strength.     

A Dempster–Shafer Based Tit-for-Tat Strategy to Regulate the Cooperation in VANET Using QoS-OLSR Protocol

In this paper, we address the problem of cooperation among vehicles in VANET using QoS-OLSR protocol in the presence of selfish nodes. QoS-OLSR is a proactive protocol that considers the Quality of Service (QoS) of the nodes while electing the cluster-heads and selecting the Multi-Point Relay (MPRs) nodes. Cluster-heads and MPRs might misbehave on the roads by over-speeding or under-speeding. Classical and generous Tit-for-Tats are proposed to analyze the interaction among vehicles. However, both strategies are not able to enforce the cooperation due the fact that they (1) count on individual watchdogs monitoring, (2) rely on the node-to-node cooperation decision, (3) and ignore the high mobility and packet collisions. Therefore, we propose a Dempster–Shafer based Tit-for-Tat strategy that is able to improve the decision and regulate the cooperation in the vehicular network. This is done by (1) launching a cooperative watchdogs monitoring, (2) correlating the observations of the different watchdogs using Dempster–Shafer theory, and (3) propagating the decisions among clusters. Thereafter, we compare the Dempster–Shafer based strategy with several strategies derived from the original Tit-for-Tat. Simulation results prove that the Dempster–Shafer based strategy is able to maintain the survivability of the vehicular network in the presence of high mobility and packet collisions with minimal time and overhead.     

Analysis of TCP Vegas and TCP Reno

In this paper we use an analytic fluid approach in order to analyze the different features of both Vegas and Reno TCP versions. We then use simulations to confirm our analytic results. When the available bandwidth is high, indeed Vegas can retransmit less than one‐fifth as much data as Reno does, so that the higher the available bandwidth is, the more efficient Vegas is. However, under heavy congestion Vegas behaves like Reno and does not manage to make efficient use of its new mechanism for congestion detection. The analytic results that we obtain are the evolution of the window size, round trip times and their averages, and the average throughput. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.