丙烯-乙烯共聚物Vistamaxx的结构性能表征

Vistamaxx(VM)是一种新型的茂金属催化的丙烯-乙烯共聚物,其丙烯质量分数在70%以上,组成与结晶性介于无定型的乙丙橡胶与结晶性的聚丙烯之间,是一种柔软且有弹性的聚烯烃材料。对VM进行了红外光谱(FTIR)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、示差扫描量热(DSC)以及力学性能的测试分析,结果表明:VM中的乙烯质量分数在20%以下;VM的Tg在-24℃以下;VM的结晶度较低,其结晶具有聚丙烯α-型晶体结构特点,分子链中较短的链段可在室温以下结晶表现出二次结晶现象;VM是一种透明性高、力学性能优异的热塑性弹性体材料。     

城市防洪泵站振动测试技术探析

为对城市防洪泵站运行中异常、连续的振动进行测试,为泵站维修前后的振动提供对比数据,安装振动测试系统。分析泵站振动变送器的原理、选型,介绍测试系统的组成原理,阐述振动测试系统的安装及注意事项,以及测试系统的校准方法。振动测试系统投入运行几个月来采集的数据,对振动工况的判断、水泵和电机的运行性能,以及维修前后的振动情况对比提供支持,达到了预期目的。     

Low-frequency wide-band hybrid energy harvester based on piezoelectric and triboelectric mechanism

Recently,hybrid energy harvester has been considered as an attractive potential approach to response the worldwide energy crisis due to the combination of advantages from different harvesting mechanism.In this paper,a novel low-frequency wide-band hybrid energy harvester based on piezoelectric and triboelectric mechanism is presented and systematically studied including structural design,fabrication process,working principle simulation and measurement.With a vibrational excitation,the polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) cantilevers will vibrate and impact the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) film on the substrate,producing a piezoelectric output as well as a triboelectric output.The structural parameters of each cantilever are optimized using finite element simulation,and the well-designed PVDF cantilevers with controllable PDMS mass not only reduce the device working frequency but also enlarge the bandwidth.Under a sweep-frequency test,three voltage peaks induced by the piezoelectric part are observed at 15,32.5 and 47.5 Hz,with the value of 320,288 and 264 mV,respectively.With the combined triboelectric part,a 20 V peak-peak voltage is generated at 15 Hz.The electrical driving ability of this hybrid energy harvester also has been demonstrated by lighting up a commercial light emitting diode(LED).     

城市暴雨强度公式拟合方法研究

传统方法确定暴雨强度总公式的参数需要经过理论频率曲线拟合和总公式参数拟合两个环节,但由此法求得的暴雨强度总公式拟合实测雨强样本的误差平方和不为最小。本文采用非线性回归方法,研究了暴雨强度总公式直接拟合实测雨强样本的直接拟合法,使所求总公式拟合实测雨强样本的误差平方和为最小,实现了总公式参数的直接寻优。结合两个实例,对直接拟合法与采用不同理论频率分布的传统方法进行了比较,结果表明,直接拟合法切实可行,不仅使拟合精度提高,而且减少了不同理论频率曲线的选择与拟合环节,可避免推求暴雨强度总公式参数的任意性。     

水电工程设计系统仿真探讨

阐述了水电工程设计系统仿真的主要内容,提出了以CATIA三维设计软件为中心的水电工程设计系统仿真路线,并结合工程实例,开展了三维设计、有限元计算、虚拟现实等设计仿真应用,实现了数据共享,提高了设计仿真的效率和质量,为水电工程开展全方位仿真模拟提供了新的思路。     

基于模糊评价和AHP的大伙房水库水质评价

基于模糊评价和层次分析法(AHP)开展大伙房水库水质评价,选择反映大伙房水库入库、库区、出库的7个水质监测断面7项水质污染因子监测值为对象开展分析。结果表明:2010年大伙房水库主要受氮磷营养盐污染;入库河流中浑河的污染程度最高;库区水质主要为Ⅱ类,出库水质为Ⅱ类,水质安全、可靠。从浑73、浑37、浑7三断面2005—2010年水质监测值变化来看,库区污染得到了有效控制,库区水质稳定提升。     

Analysis and numerical study of a hybrid BGM-3DVAR data assimilation scheme using satellite radiance data for heavy rain forecasts

A fine heavy rain forecast plays an important role in the accurate flood forecast, the urban rainstorm waterlogging and the secondary hydrological disaster preventions. To improve the heavy rain forecast skills, a hybrid Breeding Growing Mode (BGM)-three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) Data Assimilation (DA) scheme is designed on running the Advanced Research WRF (ARW WRF) model using the Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit A (AMSU-A) satellite radiance data. Results show that: the BGM ensemble prediction method can provide an effective background field and a flow dependent background error covariance for the BGM-3DVAR scheme. The BGM-3DVAR scheme adds some effective mesoscale information with similar scales as the heavy rain clusters to the initial field in the heavy rain area, which improves the heavy rain forecast significantly, while the 3DVAR scheme adds information with relatively larger scales than the heavy rain clusters to the initial field outside of the heavy rain area, which does not help the heavy rain forecast improvement. Sensitive experiments demonstrate that the flow dependent background error covariance and the ensemble mean background field are both the key factors for adding effective mesoscale information to the heavy rain area, and they are both essential for improving the heavy rain forecasts.     

云南黑龙水电站坝型选择初探

碾压混凝土坝具有温控措施简单、施工快、水泥用量少、投资省等优点。碾压混凝土技术在国内外大坝建筑中得到了广泛应用和发展。在预可行性研究阶段,从黑龙水电站坝址地形地质、枢纽布置、筑坝材料、施工、运行、投资及工期等方面,对碾压混凝土重力坝及混凝土面板堆石坝两种坝型进行分析比较后,初拟碾压混凝土重力坝为代表性坝型。     

基于可公度理论的关联规则算法在干旱中的预测研究

利用可公度理论中的三元-五元可公度式及其拓展式,从粗粒度角度对郑州地区从1901年-2000年严重干旱等级以上记载年份进行可公度数统计和分析,依据预测结果结合数据挖掘理论中的关联规则算法作进一步推演和修正,结果表明该方法预测准确率达80%,同时预测从2013年-2015年郑州市不会发生严重以上等级干旱。     

交替缺氧/好氧CAST处理低ρ_(COD)/ρ_(TN)生活污水的脱氮研究

以低ρCOD/ρTN生活污水为处理对象,在连续和分段2种进水方式下分析了交替缺氧/好氧循环式活性污泥法工艺的脱氮性能及曝气需求量,并研究了分段进水方式下pH、ρDO和氧化还原电位(oxidation reduction potential,ORP)的变化规律.结果表明,连续进水方式下,系统TN平均去除率75.1%,系统因长期低负荷运行而发生污泥膨胀,污泥容积指数(sludge volume index,SVI)平均值为229 mL/g,同时,曝气量升至0.56 m3/h时,才能使NH4+-N去除率大于99%;采用分段进水方式时,系统TN平均去除率可提高至81.5%,污泥沉降性能良好,并且曝气量降至0.24 m3/h时,系统NH 4+-N去除率仍大于99%,节省了运行费用.此外,当采用分段进水时,反应区内的pH值、ρDO和ORP值曲线有较明显的变化规律,并与反应区内污染物浓度的变化有着较好的相关性.