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93.
Albert de la Fuente Pablo PujadasAna Blanco Antonio Aguado 《Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research》2012,27(1):60-71
This paper presents the most outstanding experiences regarding the use of fibres as the main reinforcement in precast segmental linings in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. It is known that the addition of structural fibres improves, on the one hand, the mechanical behaviour of the structure during its construction, especially in cases such as the thrust of the jacks, and on the other hand it leads to a reduction of the global costs by reducing the conventional passive reinforcement. The aim of this paper consists in presenting three real experiences that are representative of the application of FRC in urban tunnels and a design methodology to take into account the structural contribution of the fibres. Two particular cases of the application of this design method are presented. In the first case, the use of 25 kg/m3 of fibres has led to a reduction of 70% of the conventional reinforcement initially proposed in the project. In the second one, which was planned to employ fibres but without considering its structural contribution, the parametric study reflected the possibility of reducing up to a 38% of the rebars adding 25 kg/m3 of steel fibres in the concrete mixture. In light of good results, construction companies in Spain have become aware of the advantages of using fibres in these structures and have carried out experimental stretches. This attitude has also been influenced by the approval of the new Spanish Code, which includes the FRC as a construction material with design purposes. 相似文献
94.
Fabian Duddeck Stephan Hunkeler Pablo Lozano Erich Wehrle Duo Zeng 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2016,54(3):415-428
Although topology optimization is well established in most engineering fields, it is still in its infancy concerning highly non-linear structural applications like vehicular crashworthiness. One of the approaches recently proposed and based on Hybrid Cellular Automata is modified here such that it can be applied for the first time to thin-walled structures. Classical methods based on voxel techniques, i.e., on solid three-dimensional volume elements, cannot derive structures made from thin metal sheets where the main energy absorption mode is related to plastic buckling, folding and failure. Because the main components of car structures are made from such thin-walled beams and panels, a special approach using SFE CONCEPT was developed, which is presented in this paper. 相似文献
95.
Igor Santos Jorge de-la-Peña-Sordo Iker Pastor-López Patxi Galán-García Pablo G. Bringas 《Expert systems with applications》2012,39(18):13417-13425
The use of the social web has brought a series of changes in the way how content is created. In particular, social news sites link stories and the different users can comment them. In this paper, we propose a new method based on different features extracted from the text able to categorise the comments. To this end, we use a combination of statistical, syntactic and opinion features and machine-learning classifiers to classify a comment within three different categorisation types: the focus of the comment, the type of information contained in the comment and the controversy level of the comment. We validate our approach with data from ‘Menéame’, a popular Spanish social news site. 相似文献
96.
Pablo Sobrado 《International journal of molecular sciences》2012,13(11):14219-14242
Enzymes containing flavin cofactors are predominantly involved in redox reactions in numerous cellular processes where the protein environment modulates the chemical reactivity of the flavin to either transfer one or two electrons. Some flavoenzymes catalyze reactions with no net redox change. In these reactions, the protein environment modulates the reactivity of the flavin to perform novel chemistries. Recent mechanistic and structural data supporting novel flavin functionalities in reactions catalyzed by chorismate synthase, type II isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, UDP-galactopyranose mutase, and alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase are presented in this review. In these enzymes, the flavin plays either a direct role in acid/base reactions or as a nucleophile or electrophile. In addition, the flavin cofactor is proposed to function as a “molecular scaffold” in the formation of UDP-galactofuranose and alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate by forming a covalent adduct with reaction intermediates. 相似文献
97.
Silvia Curteanu Ciprian-George Piuleac Jose J. Linares Pablo Cañizares Manuel A. Rodrigo Justo Lobato 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2014
A multi-objective optimization strategy, based on stacked neural network–genetic algorithm (SNN–GA) hybrid approach, was applied to study the C/PBI content on a high temperature PEMFC performance. The operating conditions of PEMFC were correlated with power density and electrochemical active surface area for electrodes. The structure of the stack was determined in an optimal form related to the contribution of individual neural networks, after applying an interpolation based procedure. Multi-objective optimization using SNN as model and GA as solving procedure provides optimal working conditions which lead to a high PEMFC performance. Simulation results were in agreement with experimental data, both for model validation and system optimization (the C/PBI content in the range of 17–21%). 相似文献
98.
Volker Neu Pablo Dörig Christof Fattinger Stephan Müller Renato Zenobi 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2016,20(4):62
In this work we shed light on the microfluidics of a miniaturized liquid bridge that forms the central part of a so-called “capillary gap sampler,” a novel device for rapid and seamless injection of nanoliter sample volumes into an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). Parameters relevant for sample flush-out at the liquid bridge and in the spray capillary were identified by systematic variation of the capillary dimensions, the linear buffer flow rate (2.1–34 mm/s) and molecular weight of the analytes (0.5–30 kDa). We found that a reduction in capillary wall thickness by a factor of 1.6 significantly influences analyte peak shapes, leads to an inversion of the relationship between peak width and analyte molecular weight, and allows a fivefold decrease in peak width for large molecules down to 5 s. The results could be verified and explained by simulations, in which the presence of diffusion-controlled “dead zones” at the liquid bridge and dispersion in the spray tip that depend on analyte molecular weight were identified as key factors relevant for the sample flush-out process. The merging of simulations and experimental data gives useful hints toward the re-design of a spray tip as built-in ESI-MS interface for an optimized gap sampler performance. 相似文献
99.
Metaheuristic optimization frameworks: a survey and benchmarking 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
José Antonio Parejo Antonio Ruiz-Cortés Sebastián Lozano Pablo Fernandez 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2012,16(3):527-561
This paper performs an unprecedented comparative study of Metaheuristic optimization frameworks. As criteria for comparison
a set of 271 features grouped in 30 characteristics and 6 areas has been selected. These features include the different metaheuristic
techniques covered, mechanisms for solution encoding, constraint handling, neighborhood specification, hybridization, parallel
and distributed computation, software engineering best practices, documentation and user interface, etc. A metric has been
defined for each feature so that the scores obtained by a framework are averaged within each group of features, leading to
a final average score for each framework. Out of 33 frameworks ten have been selected from the literature using well-defined
filtering criteria, and the results of the comparison are analyzed with the aim of identifying improvement areas and gaps
in specific frameworks and the whole set. Generally speaking, a significant lack of support has been found for hyper-heuristics,
and parallel and distributed computing capabilities. It is also desirable to have a wider implementation of some Software
Engineering best practices. Finally, a wider support for some metaheuristics and hybridization capabilities is needed. 相似文献
100.
Vizguerra-Morales Pablo Vázquez-Castillo José Antonio Romero-Toledo Rafael Aguilera-Alvarado Alberto Florentino Ponce-Ortega José María 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2016,18(5):1599-1609
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - This paper presents an optimization formulation and a computational fluid dynamic study for a new proposal of a rustic oven that uses natural gas... 相似文献