Minimization of combined sewer overflows by large-scale mathematical programming

There is a critical need for the development and implementation of control strategies for minimizing receiving water pollution caused by overflows from urban combined sewer systems. Automation and control of such systems has risen as a viable approach to this problem. Control is carried out through regulation of ambient and/or auxiliary storage in the system. The goal is to detain storm flows in the system long enough to prevent flows of a magnitude that exceeds treatment plant capacity, thereby reducing overflow into receiving waters. The problem is first attacked by dividing the large combined sewer system into several mildly interconnected subsystems for which control logic can be developed from application of mathematical programming algorithms consistent with the special characteristics of each subsystem. A flow-projection technique is developed for subsystems not amenable to direct solution by standard optimization techniques.     

Psychodynamics, behavior therapy, and the implacable experimenter: An inquiry into the consistency of personality.

Considers that possible integrations of dynamic and behavioral approaches to theory and therapy have been obscured by polemics. One area of confusion concerns the degree of generality or specificity in personality. Variability in behavior from situation to situation has been misleadingly construed by some behavioral critics as casting doubt upon psychodynamic theories. This view is refuted, and a number of factors that account for the differing viewpoints of psychodynamic and behaviorally oriented approaches are considered. Among these are differences in Ss from which original ideas were generated, differences in phenomena of central interest (with special focus on the implications of psychodynamic concern with ambiguous affective phenomena), and the consequences of an experimental strategy (the "implacable experimenter") which limits the ways in which S may structure the environment in which he behaves. (58 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On finding minimal-length test sets for diagnosing faults in combinational circuits

A fault-detection matrix contains sufficient information for finding minimal-length, fault-diagnosis test sets. The necessary and sufficient condition is that the submatrix of the fault-detection matrix must not contain equal rows. Cited examples demonstrate that characteristics in the fault-detection matrix can be used to facilitate the search for tests.     

Determining subsea permafrost characteristics with a cone penetrometer — Prudhoe Bay,Alaska

Sediments beneath the Beaufort Sea near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were probed at 27 sites using a static cone penetrometer to determine engineering properties and distribution of material types, including ice-bonded sediments. The probe, designed and constructed at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, provided both point and casing resistance data and thermal profiles. At five sites these data were correlated with information from adjacent drilled and sampled holes. These control data and the quality of the probe information permitted profiles of sediment type and occurrence of ice-bonded material to be developed along three lines that included various geological features and depositional environments.Material properties were quite variable in the upper 14 m of sediments probed. In general, softer, finer-grained sediments occurred in the upper layers, while penetration refusal was met in stiff gravels 10 to 12 m below the seabed.Seabed temperatures during the study were all below 0°C. However, because of uncertainties in freezing point values caused by brines, evaluation of the penetration resistance data was required to identify the occurrence of ice-bonded sediments. The coupling of thermal and penetration resistance data revealed that seasonally ice-bonded sediments occurred where the sea ice froze back to or near the seabed. Deeper, perennially frozen sediments also appeared to be present at several probe sites.     

Studies of biosynthesis of waxes by developing jojoba seed: III. Biosynthesis of wax esters from Acyl-CoA and long chain alcohols

Acyl-CoA: alcohol transacylase activity was demonstrated in cell-free homogenates of developing jojoba seeds. The optimal pH was 8.0–8.1. Under optimal conditions, wax formation had a nearly linear relationship with extract concentration; the time course of wax formation was also linear up to 30 min.cis-11-Eicosenol was the most effective alcohol substrate whereas tetradecanol, octadecanol, dodecanol,cis-9-octadecanol, andcis-13-eicosenol gave progressively lower activities. Either saturated or unsaturated acyl-CoA with 18 or 20 C-atoms had similar activity. The enzyme was fairly stable at 0 C, less stable at RT and labile above 30 C. Differential centrifugation showed that the 12,000 × g fat pad was the most active in wax formation; to maximize the activity, a 12,000 × g supernatant appeared to be necessary. This factor in the supermatant was thermolabile and nondialyzable.     

An Instrument for Recording ULF-ELF Geomagnetic Fluctuations Measured by Optically Pumped Magnetometers

A small, low-cost, highly sensitive system to record geomagnetic fluctuations on the ocean floor is described. The technique employed is to amplify the effective sensitivity of the Cs-vapor magnetometer with an intermediate stage discriminator amplifier voltagecontrolled oscillator prior to magnetic recording. The resultant overall electronic system noise level obtained is well below the inherent noise level of the sensor, permitting accurate measurement of undersea magnetic fluctuations up to 5 Hz.