Reevaluation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells

PURPOSE: To determine the apical versus basolateral polarity of the putative anion exchanger in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs) and to examine the influence of Cl--dependent membrane potential (Em) changes on HCO3- transport. METHODS: BCECs grown on permeable supports were used for independent perfusion of apical and basolateral surfaces. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured using the fluorescent dye BCECF. Relative changes in Em were measured using the fluorescent dye bis-oxonol. Western blot analysis was used to detect immunoreactivity against the anion exchanger (AE1 or AE2). RESULTS: Cl- removal from apical and basolateral surfaces produced cellular alkalinization (apical side, 0.07 pH units; basolateral side, 0.06 pH units; both sides, 0.20 pH units). Application of 100 microM H2-4,4'-diisothiocyanatodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an anion exchange inhibitor, on the apical side produced an alkalinization (0.02 pH units) followed by acidification (-0.05 pH units), whereas basolateral H2DIDS caused a substantial acidification (-0.16 pH units). In the absence of Na+, Cl- removal from the apical side caused a transient alkalinization (0.03 pH units) followed by a return to baseline; Cl- removal from the basolateral side caused a small (-0.03) acidification. In Na+-free Ringer, apical H2DIDS produced a transient alkalinization (0.02 pH units), whereas basolateral exposure had no effect. 5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB), N-phenylanthranilic acid (DPC), and niflumic acid (50-200 microM), known Cl- channel blockers, produced cellular acidification in control Ringer. Niflumic acid hyperpolarized Em and inhibited depolarization after Cl- removal. Western blot analysis failed to detect AE2 expression in cultured BCECs. However, fresh BCECs produced a trace response. CONCLUSIONS: Physiological activity of an apical anion exchanger is weak in cultured BCECs. Cultured BCECs have significant Cl- conductance. Thus, cellular alkalinization after Cl- removal is caused primarily by depolarization of Em, which drives HCO3- influx through the basolateral electrogenic Na+:nHCO3- cotransporter. In contrast with cultured BCECs, AE2 may be present in fresh cells.     

Statistical analysis of decision threshold for parallel acquisitionwith reference filtering in Rician fading channel

Statistical analysis of the decision threshold for parallel PN code acquisition in a Rician fading channel is presented. It is shown that in the performance analysis of the acquisition system with reference filtering, the statistical evaluation of the decision threshold seems more appropriate than the approximation of the decision threshold     

超导／半导兼容材料的制作及性能分析

介绍了几种结构合理的超导／半导兼容材料的制作技术及其测试结果，重点讨论了超导体（ＹＢＣＯ）与半导体（Ｓｉ，ＣａＡｓ）间缓冲层的选取，并对这几种复合材料的性能作了较详细的分析。     

钢铁表面锌系磷化膜的研究

本文采用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ等测试手段，研究了四功能处理液不同条件下在钢铁表面上形成锌系磷化膜的形貌，晶体结构；采用ＥＤＳ研究了磷化膜的化学成发，通过实验确定了Ｚｎ／Ｐ值在２．１２～３．２０时，磷化膜具有良好的耐蚀性。     

Susceptibility of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to CFC-222, a new fluoroquinolone

Rotavirus (RV) strains infecting newborns often have unique neutralization antigens (P serotypes) on their outer capsids that are distinct from those found on RV strains that cause diarrhea in older children. We examined the hypothesis that unusual RV strains preferentially infect newborns because the newborns lack maternal neutralizing antibodies to these strains. To test this hypothesis, sera and saliva samples collected from neonates infected with 116E-like (P[11]G9) strains in the maternity ward of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) hospital in New Delhi were tested for neutralizing antibodies against common RV strains and those infecting newborns and these titers were compared with those of newborns who did not become infected (controls). The infected neonates had significantly lower levels of cord blood neutralizing antibodies to 116E than the controls, suggesting that immunity to neonatal RV infection is acquired transplacentally through maternal antibodies. Further, this study confirmed the immunogenicity of the AIIMS neonatal strain 116E, a vaccine candidate, in its ability to evoke a potent RV-specific immunoglobulin A and neutralizing antibody response in serum and saliva among the infected babies. Our findings have important implications for the development of an effective RV vaccine. In India, where G9 strains are common in the community, the use of 116E as a vaccine, together with the rhesus tetravalent vaccine, may provide a broader protection against all the circulating RV serotypes, including serotype G9, which is not represented in the current rhesus RV tetravalent vaccine (G1-G4).     

Pre-bainitic Transformation in Fe-Ni Alloy

Ｔｈｅｐｒｅ－ｂａｉｎｉｔｉｃｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｍ－ｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｏｆｂａｉｎｉｔｉｃｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｓｔｉｌｃｏｎｔｒｏｖｅｒｓｉａｌ．Ｏｎｅｖｉｅｗｉｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｏｌｕｔｅａ...     

不确定移动对象概率Skyline集的查询更新

Skyline查询的研究已从传统的静态Skyline操作延伸到动态的、不确定数据集上的Skyline查询和计算上。研究了移动环境下,查询点位置固定、目标点处于运动状态并且位置不确定情况下的连续概率Skyline计算问题。这个过程中,移动对象与查询对象之间的距离随时间不断变化。移动对象由于其运动状态导致位置无法精确定位,因此移动对象之间的支配关系只能采用概率形式表示,且随时间不断变化。给出了移动对象间的支配概率的定义,以及移动对象Skyline概率的定义,并定义了触发事件来记录对象支配概率发生变化的时刻,实现概率Skyline计算的连续跟踪和动态更新。提出了基于事件触发的连续概率Skyline查询算法(event triggered continuous probabilistic Skyline query for uncertain moving object,U-ECPS),对移动环境下的Skyline集进行连续查询和更新。大量的实验结果验证了U-ECPS算法的有效性。     

基于USB电源的智能风扇控制技术

介绍基于计算机USB电源的智能风扇控制技术。     

采用大数据分析建设工程市场信息的新方法

随着招投标过程信息化的快速发展,越来越多的招标、评标、中标信息统一集中在相应交易中心平台网站上进行公示,使采用大数据手段分析建设工程信息成为了可能。采用Web Scraper插件爬取网页内容简便、高效、准确。大数据的介入能很大程度遏制非法围标、串标行为,保证公共资源交易过程的公平、公正,有效打击权力寻租。同时大数据分析以定量、可视化的成果展示了建设工程的市场行为趋势,为政府的宏观调控提供更精确的数据性指导性意见。