Design and experience of HEU and LEU fuel for WWR-M reactors

Thin-walled WWR-M5 fuel elements were designed and manufactured and have been used successfully for 16 years; they contain twice as much uranium-235 as the WWR-M2 and WWR-M3 fuel elements. The fuel elements have been optimized with regard to their neutron physics and thermal-hydraulic parameters and fuel consumption has been minimized. The mean specific power in the core of the WWR-M reactor was raised to 230 kW l⁻¹, the measured maximum volume thermal specific power was 900±100 kW l⁻¹ and the surface specific power was 136±15 W cm⁻². The WWR-M5 fuel elements enable the power of the WWR-M pooltype reactor to be raised to 30 MW while simultaneously increasing the number of cells in the core available for experimentation by a factor of approximately two and reducing fuel element consumption. Reactor tests of WWR-M fuel elements with reduced fuel enrichment (36 and 21%) were carried out for a meat uranium density up to 2–3 g cm⁻³. Conversion of WWR-SM-type reactors to these fuel elements did not lead to a loss in reactivity and enabled their power to be increased to 20–30 MW.     

化学镀Ni－Cu－P合金的工艺及镀层性能研究

探讨了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ一Ｐ合金的镀液组成及工艺条件，并采用Ｘ射线衍射和弯曲法，研究了Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ镀层的组织结构和镀层结合力，结果表明，所研究的镀液组成，在适当工艺条件下，能够实现Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ离子的共沉积，并得到良好质量的合金镀层。经４００℃热处理，镀层中有和相析出，同时硬度达到最大值。镀态下，该镀层具有良好的结合力，且随镀层中铜含量的增加和热处理温度的提高，镀层结合力能得到进一步改善。     

High-level synthesis design flow for power side-channel security

The lack of efficient security guidance is a prominent problem in the design flow of high-level synthesis. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a security-based high-level synthesis design flow featuring the power side-channel vulnerabilities. The side-channel leakage is quantified by establishing a secure component module library, a more efficient and secure parallel scheduling mechanism is generated by optimizing the control flow, and a more secure architecture of the storage system is achieved by optimizing the data flow. The goal is to perform tradeoffs between performance and security, reducing the side-channel risks at the early stage of design and simultaneously generating more secure and efficient cryptographic cores in hardware. Furthermore, the proposed HLS design flow is verified on a field programmable gate array platform. Experimental results show that, in comparison with the traditional design flow, this method reduces the resources by 72% and the clock cycles by 70% and increases the throughput by 88%, and that it can lower the power side-channel risks within an ongoing design to the greatest extent.     

Molecular forces between membranes displaying neutral glycosphingolipids: evidence for carbohydrate attraction

The surface force apparatus was used to determine the fundamental forces governing the adhesion between mixed bilayer membranes comprising lactosyl ceramide (LacCer) and di-tridecanoyl-phosphatidyl choline. Forces between membranes were quantified as a function of the glycolipid surface densities, which ranged from 0 to 30 mol %. Control measurements of the forces between pure phosphatidylcholine membranes and mixed bilayers of lactosyl ceramide with phosphocholine showed that the steric thickness of the carbohydrate headgroups increased from 19 to 25 A when the glycolipid density increased from 10 to 20 mol %. The layer compressibility also decreased with increasing carbohydrate coverage, but the corresponding adhesion between lactosyl ceramide-containing membranes increased with increasing amounts of glycosphingolipid in them. The nonspecific van der Waals forces accounted for the attraction measured in the control experiments and that between identical 10 mol % LacCer bilayers. However, the increase in the adhesion with increasing glycolipid density was 2-4 times greater than predicted by Lifschitz theory. Additionally, the forces measured during separation of membranes containing 20 and 30 mol % glycosphingolipid indicated that the headgroups bind and rearrange during bilayer detachment. The interactions between the carbohydrates are weak and apparently dynamic, and they generate an additional density-dependent intermembrane attraction that is on the order of the van der Waals force.     

开发计算机管理信息系统推动设备供应管理现代化

本文介绍了我国冶金大型钢铁联合企业设备供应管理系统计算机应用开发过程及研制方法，并分析了取得的经济效益和在国内的推广价值。     

Treatment of chronic allodynia in spinally injured rats: effects of intrathecal selective opioid receptor agonists

We examined the effects of intrathecal (i.t.) selective opioid receptor agonists in alleviating mechanical and cold allodynia in spinally injured rats. Both DAMGO ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, a mu-opioid receptor agonist) and DPDPE ([D-Phe2,D-Phe5]-enkephalin, a delta-opioid receptor agonist) dose-dependently relieved the chronic allodynia-like behavior at doses selective for their respective receptors. The anti-allodynic effect of DAMGO and DPDPE was reversed by the selective mu- and delta-opioid receptor antagonists CTOP (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2) and naltrindole, respectively. In contrast, the selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U50488H did not alleviate the allodynia-like behavior, but rather enhanced it. The anti-nociceptive and anti-allodynic effect of i.t. DAMGO was blocked by U50488H. Thus, activation of spinal mu- and delta-, but not kappa-opioid receptors produced anti-allodynic effect in this model of central pain. Drugs which act selectively on opioid receptor subtypes may be useful in managing chronic central pain of spinal cord origin.     

多路红外防盗报警器

介绍一种利用热释红外线传感器探头作为探测器的多路防盗报警器.该报警器能够自动完成交直流供电转换,具有灵敏度高、电压适用范围宽、准确可靠等特点,并配有多种声光报警方式.给出了该报警器的基本原理和方框图。     

Calculation of the energy loss of fast multicharged ions in solids

The application of a classical approach to the energy loss calculation for fast multicharged ions in solids provides energy losses or kinetic energy electrons and for inner shell holes separately. The calculated total energy losses differ from the tabulated data by less than 20%.