Effect of Co γ-irradiation on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of Pleurotus nebrodensis

Freshly harvested Pleurotus nebrodensis fruit bodies were exposed to four different doses (0.8-2.0 kGy) of ⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation and various physiological changes associated with postharvest deterioration, as well as the activities of selected enzymes (proteinase, polyphenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase) thought to play a role in the process of deterioration, were monitored during 22 days of subsequent storage at 4 °C and 65-70% relative humidity. An irradiation dose of 1.2 kGy significantly delayed (by 6-9 days) the onset of fruit body softening, splitting and browning compared with non-irradiated controls and test samples subjected to lower or higher irradiation doses. Irradiation with 1.2 and 1.6 kGy also had a positive effect on other indicators of mushroom tissue senescence, resulting in smaller decreases in soluble protein levels and more protracted increases in proteinase activity. Peak levels of polyphenoloxidase activity, widely recognized as causing postharvest browning of mushroom tissue, were also significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fruit bodies exposed to 1.2 kGy compared with non-irradiated controls. Our data increase our understanding of the effects of γ-irradiation on the biochemical changes associated with postharvest deterioration in P. nebrodensis, and improve the prospects of more targeted strategies for extending the shelf life of both this and other mushrooms.     

A monoclonal antibody-based sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the analysis of the organophosphorous pesticides chlorpyrifos-methyl in real samples

Chlorpyrifos-methyl hapten, O-methyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphoramidothionte (H1), was synthesized and conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) by the active ester method. Then H1–OVA conjugate was used as coating antigen, while H1–BSA conjugate was used as immunogen for producing monoclonal antibody. After optimisation, a monoclonal antibody-based effective competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and applied for determination of chlorpyrifos-methyl with a novel combination of antibody/antigen, I₅₀ of which was 75.22 ng/ml, limit detection (LD) was 0.32 ng/ml, and there was relative high cross-reactivity (CR) only with chlorpyrifos (1.4%), and CRs with other tested pesticides were all below 1% and regarded as negligible. The recoveries obtained by standard chlorpyrifos-methyl addition to real samples, including grape, Chinese cabbages, water and soil were all from 82.4% to 110.2%. Therefore, the optimised ELISA might become a convenient and satisfied analytical tool for monitoring chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in agriculture ecosystem.     

原料乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7的快速检测

建立了一种快速检测原料乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7的PCR技术.该方法利用过滤富集菌体后的PCR技术来检测原料乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7,先对人工污染大肠杆菌O157:H7的原料乳进行离心脱脂,然后添加EDTA-2Na获得澄清乳液,最后通过0.45 μm微膜过滤收集菌体,整个过程只需6 h左右即可完成.检测灵敏度高达10-mL-1.这种方法在传统检测方法的基础上做了有效改进,使得原料乳中的大肠杆菌O157:H7的检测能够快速、准确、灵敏的进行.     

利用多菌种混合发酵甘肃籽瓜果醋的研究

以甘肃特产的籽瓜为原料,经过酒精发酵和醋酸发酵过程,制得了具有保健功能的籽瓜果醋.在榨汁过程中添加适量果胶酶,解决了出汁率低和果胶影响发酵过程的问题.添加适量增香酵母和乳酸菌进行混合发酵,增加了籽瓜果醋中酯类和不挥发酸的含量,使制得的籽瓜果醋风味更加柔和纯正,并带有籽瓜独有的清香,是一种营养价值较高的保健型果醋.     

聚酯帘线与橡胶粘合用RFL改性剂的合成

从改性一次浸渍工艺出发,以4-氯间苯二酚、间苯二酚和甲醛为原料合成出了RFL改性剂,结果表明,当酚醛比为1:2、反应时间为6h时收率最佳,在RFL浸渍液中加入改性剂后可以大幅提高聚酯帘线与橡胶的粘合强度。     

3D全景技术在野外地质实习中的应用

从野外地质实习的教学现状出发,结合其特点和需求,应用3D全景技术为野外地质实践教学提供有效的辅助手段。利用高分辨率全景影像重现真实的野外环境和地质现象,为学生提供身临其境般的学习体验,从而充分调动学生的学习积极性,并有效提高实践教学质量,进而探索一种野外地质实习与3D全景技术相结合的教学模式。     

A/O工艺处理公厕废水脱氮运行参数的确定

针对旅游区公厕污水高氨氮等特点,用正交试验选择改进A/O法生物脱氮工艺的关键影响因子,探讨关键因子与氨氮去除率的相关性及最佳工艺条件,试验表明碳氧化段水力停留时间为6h,硝化氧化段水力停留时间为6h,回流比为200%时公厕污水氨氮去除率达到90%以上。     

活性污泥吸附重金属离子的研究进展

从处理含重金属离子废水的现状出发,简述了活性污泥吸附重金属离子过程中的表面有机络合、离子交换及其它机理;讨论了温度、时间、pH值、污泥种类、预处理、重金属离子浓度等因素对活性污泥吸附重金属离子的影响,并对解吸方式进行了论述;综述了目前国内外有关活性污泥吸附重金属离子的最新研究成果,指明了进一步加强吸附机理和固定化技术以提高活性污泥应用性的研究是今后的方向。     

低温下UASB反应器处理高浓度有机废水的运行特性研究

采用配制的高浓度有机废水对7～25℃的低温条件下UASB反应器的运行进行了小试研究,考察了其运行状况和影响运行的特性参数.研究结果表明,只要维持温度在15.5～25℃且不发生突降、反应器pH值在6.8～7.2、进水碱度大于800 mg/L,即能保证UASB的稳定高效运行.其中反应器处理的最高容积负荷为9.5 kg[COD]/(m3·d)、甲烷菌产气率最高达每去除千克COD产气1.11 m3、COD的去除率稳定在60%以上、VFA小于400 mg/L.