基于AHP-SPA的水库移民后期扶持效果评价

对水库移民后期扶持效果开展评价研究有利于研判水库移民后期扶持政策的落实情况,为水库移民相关政策的动态调整提供科学参考。本文以甘肃省水库移民后期扶持效果为研究对象,通过梳理相关调查成果及政策文件,综合经济、社会、环境等方面的因素,针对水库移民问题筛选了5 个一级指标28 个二级指标建立了后期扶持效果评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和集对分析法先后确定评价体系中各指标的权重和联系度,最后通过评价等级的计算来定量评价水库移民后期扶持效果。甘肃省水库移民后期扶持效果总体评价得分为0.420,评价等级为良,指标中基础设施联系度较低,未来应重点加强移民村基础设施建设。     

松辽流域水文站网建设与管理

一、水文站网现状 松辽流域泛指东北地区,行政区划包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁3省和内蒙古自治区东部3市1盟及河北省承德市的一部分,总面积124．89万km^2,其中山地、丘陵和平原分别占总面积的42．4％、25．5％和32．1％。流域西、北、东三面环山,南部濒临渤海和黄海,中、南部形成宽阔的辽河平原、松嫩平原．东北部为三江平原。主要河流有额尔古纳河、黑龙江、松花江、辽河、     

近60年长江流域河流纵向连通性演变特征

以长江流域为研究区,基于流域内水库、水电站、水闸和橡胶坝等4类拦河建筑物建设情况,采用阻隔系数法、最长连续河段占比法和区域整体法3种评价方法,探究近60年长江流域河流纵向连通性的演变特征。结果表明：基于阻隔系数法和最长连续河段占比法,2018年长江流域45条主要河流中评价等级为差、劣的河流数量皆为30条;在时间维度上,近60年长江流域主要河流的纵向连通性呈逐渐恶化的趋势,其中2000—2018年纵向连通性恶化最为显著;在空间分布上,评价等级为劣的主要河流集中分布在岷沱江、嘉陵江和洞庭湖水系水资源二级区;基于区域整体法,2000—2018年是长江流域二级区河流纵向连通性整体恶化的时期,2018年长江流域12个水资源二级区中有5个二级区的河流纵向连通性评价等级为优、良,其余7个二级区评价等级为中、差和劣。研究结果可为长江流域河流生态系统的保护修复提供参考。     

伊通河城区段底栖动物完整性对水质的响应时滞

基于2015年和2019—2021年伊通河长春市城区段底栖动物调查及水质监测数据,建立底栖动物完整性指数（benthic-index of biotic integrity, B-IBI）评价体系,对伊通河城区段水生态健康状况进行评价,并在此基础上确定影响B-IBI的关键水质指标及两者间的响应时滞。结果表明：伊通河城区段底栖动物种类数在月际间无显著差异性（P>0.05）,但在年际间差异显著（P<0.05）,种类数先减少后增加,主要类群由耐污种向清洁种转变;2015—2021年,伊通河城区段B-IBI年均值波动上升,河流健康整体呈逐渐好转趋势,且上游河段健康状况优于下游;各项水质指标中,总磷对伊通河城区段B-IBI值及其核心指标有显著性影响,且底栖动物对总磷质量浓度变化的响应在时间上存在滞后性,滞后时间为9个月左右（r=-0.88）。研究可为城市河流健康评价和治理管理提供科学依据。     

Origin of Chinese ancient glasses—study on the earliest Chinese ancient glasses

The earliest Chinese ancient glasses before the West Han Dynasty (200 BC) from different regions are studied. The glass samples were unearthed from Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Xinjiang of China. The chemical composition of these glasses samples is analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It is shown that the glass chemical compositions belong to barium-lead silicate BaO-PbO-SiO₂, potash soda lime silicate K₂O (Na₂O)-CaO-SiO₂ (K₂O/Na₂O>1), soda potash lime silicate Na₂O (K₂O)-CaO-SiO₂ (K₂O/Na₂O<1) and potash silicate K₂O-SiO₂ glass systems, respectively. The origins of the earliest Chinese ancient glasses are discussed from the archaeological and historical points of view. These four types of Chinese ancient glasses were all made in Chinese territory using local raw materials. The glass preparation technology was related to the Chinese ancient bronze metallurgy and proto-porcelain glaze technology. The glass technology relationship between the East and the West is analyzed at the same time.     

3D printing technology and its impact on Chinese manufacturing

For both developed and developing countries, manufacturing plays a crucial role in international competition. There is a growing consensus that 3D printing (3DP) technologies will revolutionise the development of global manufacturing. Although considerable research has previously been conducted to define the technological and economic benefits of 3DP on global manufacturing, minimal research has linked 3DP with Chinese manufacturing (CM). Therefore, to address this research gap and to investigate 3DP’s potential impact on alleviating CM’s development issues, this paper explores the definition, characteristics and mainstream technologies of 3DP, presents the current situation and the main problems of CM, and analyses the potential impact of 3DP on the development of CM. Then, this study introduces the current 3DP promotion and industrialisation situation in China as well as the issues with promoting 3DP in CM.     

基于流形元模型的高速远程滑坡碎屑流运动规律与拦挡结构减灾效果研究

高速远程滑坡碎屑流具有极高的动能和超远移动距离,是一种危害范围广、破坏力极大的地质灾害。目前研究多基于高速远程滑坡的效应机理,对于拦挡结构减灾作用研究较少,尚未形成完善的高速远程滑坡减灾体系,而数值模拟是研究碎屑流拦挡结构减灾作用的重要手段。本文采用数值流形方法对牛圈沟强震诱发滑坡所形成的高速碎屑流运动过程进行了模拟,分析其堆积状态以及运动特性,通过数值试验研究了碎屑流运动路径上植被覆盖、拦挡墙高度、位置以及布置方式对高速远程滑坡碎屑流堆积状态的影响,并对拦挡墙的减灾作用进行评价。不同于颗粒离散元方法,数值流形方法可以模拟任意形状块体相互接触、碰撞,从而避免了运动过程中圆颗粒滚动摩擦对模拟结果的影响。模拟结果表明,尽管在碎屑流运动路径上增加植被覆盖可降低碎屑流运动距离,为达到更好拦截碎屑流的效果,仍需在运动路径上布置拦挡墙,以有效降低碎屑流的沿程位移及远程堆积量。当拦挡墙布置于不同位置时,对滑坡碎屑流有不同的截流阻滑作用,并确定拦挡墙的最优位置。此外,相对于增加拦挡墙高度,设置多排拦挡墙可更加有效地拦截碎屑流以减少对下游的危害。     

Origin of Chinese ancient glasses——study on the earliest Chinese ancient glasses

The earliest Chinese ancient glasses before the West Han Dynasty (200 BC) from different regions are studied. The glass samples were unearthed from Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Xinjiang of China. The chemical composition of these glasses samples is analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It is shown that the glass chemical compositions belong to barium-lead silicate BaO-PbO-SiO2, potash soda lime silicate K2O (Na2O)-CaO-SiO2 (K2O/Na2O>1), soda potash lime silicate Na2O (K2O)-CaO-SiO2 (K2O/Na2O＜1) and potash silicate K2O-SiO2 glass systems, respectively. The origins of the earliest Chinese ancient glasses are discussed from the archaeological and historical points of view. These four types of Chinese ancient glasses were all made in Chinese territory using local raw materials. The glass preparation technology was related to the Chinese ancient bronze metallurgy and proto-porcelain glaze technology. The glass technology relationship between the East and the West is analyzed at the same time.     

高密度二维地震采集技术在S西部应用研究

工区表层地震地质条件复杂。近地表多为流沙,干燥、疏松,能量衰减快;深层地震地质条件为砂泥岩薄互层,反射能量较弱。区域目的层储层薄,在纵横向上物性变化大。总体工区资料品质受潜水面影响较大,古河道和古湖盆发育区低降速层较厚,可达100m以上,资料视主频极低;为获取品质良好的地震资料,在该区进行了高密度二维地震资料采集技术研究,采集的资料品质较以往有了较大的提高。主要目标反射层能连续追踪、层间反射内幕清晰,资料的频宽提高了10Hz左右,能满足岩性解释的需要,提高了天然气勘探的精确度。     

基于Maxwell的电磁阀仿真与分析

针对电磁阀传统设计方法中,产品设计周期长、试制实验费用高等问题,本文采用有限元方法在产品设计初期对电磁阀的性能进行预测。首先,运用Ansoft Maxwell软件分别建立了电磁阀的三维与二维有限元模型,进行了磁场分析与电磁力计算,通过比较发现三维模型与二维模型计算结果与测试结果均吻合较好。最后,在二维模型的基础上,运用Maxwell软件的参数化设计功能进一步分析了不同初始间隙、不同驱动电压对电磁力的影响。结果表明,基于Maxwell的电磁阀有限元仿真能够在产品的设计初期快速地预测电磁阀的性能,为电磁阀的设计与优化提供理论指导。