加强实践教学,产学研联合培养全日制工程硕士研究生

全日制工程硕士培养要加强实践教学,通过产学研联合培养,建立实践教学基地,保证实践教学的质量。本文介绍了华东理工大学在全日制工程硕士培养方案设置和管理机制上进行的研究和实施工作。     

褐煤超临界甲醇处理脱氧工艺条件的研究

选择超临界甲醇处理的方法脱除锡林浩特褐煤中的含氧化合物,主要考察了温度、压力、催化剂种类和预处理方式等对脱氧效果的影响.结果表明,在一定温度和压力范围内,脱氧率随温度和压力的增加而增加.温度330℃时脱氧率达到最大,继续升高温度脱氧率有所降低.碱性催化剂比酸性催化剂更有利于提高脱氧率.在相同的温度和压力等处理条件下,经过溶胀预处理的煤样脱氧率比原煤提高了5.39％,而煤样含水与否对脱氧率的影响则不明显.因此若得到较高的萃取率,应先对煤样进行溶胀预处理,使用碱性催化剂,温度和压力至少达到甲醇临界状态.煤粉经甲醇浸泡溶胀8h后,采用5∶1的溶煤比,以煤样质量1％的NaOH固体为催化剂,在温度330℃,压力8.2 MPa条件下处理60 min,该条件下脱氧率达到了32.94％.     

Cavern Boundary Determination with Pseudoplastic Fluid Based on the Apparent Viscosity Method

The cavern characteristics of xanthan gum solutions stirred by impellers of a perturbed six-bent-bladed turbine (6PBT) were investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with laminar flow model. The apparent viscosity method was proposed to determine the boundary of the cavern. The cavern sizes predicted by apparent viscosity were in good agreement with the calculated results, and this method was not influenced by speed and impeller configuration. However, the predicted results of the cavern by the traditional speed method usually displayed a great deviation, especially at high speed. Therefore, it is feasible to determine the cavern boundary with the apparent viscosity, i.e., 0.25 times the yield viscosity of a pseudoplastic fluid, as the unified standard.     

A composition and size controllable approach for Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles

ABSTRACT: A capillary micro-reaction was established for the synthesis of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles (NPs) with a flexible and controllable composition and grain size by tuning the synthesis temperature, the residence time, or the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+. By extending the residence time from 5 to 900 s, enhancing the temperature from 120degreesC to 160degreesC, or decreasing the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+ from 1:1 to 1:20, the composition of samples was changed continuously from Au-rich to Ag-rich. The particles became large with the increase of the residence time; however, synthesis temperatures showed less effect on the particle size change. The particle size of the Au-Ag alloy NPs with various composition could be kept by adjusting the mole ratio of Au3+:Ag+. TEM observation displayed that the as-obtained NPs were sphere-like with the smallest average size of 4.0 nm, which is half of those obtained by the traditional flask method.     

管壳式余热锅炉由于材料问题而引起的事故分析

本文对余热锅炉由于选材不当而引起的事故进行分析,阐明不锈钢材料的使用注意事项。     

Preparation and characterization of heteroepitaxial Zn2SnO4 single crystalline films prepared on MgO (100) substrates

Zinc stannate (Zn₂SnO₄) films were deposited on MgO (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and Zn₂SnO₄ monocrystalline films were obtained by postannealing process. The structures, surface morphologies, and optical properties of the Zn₂SnO₄ films annealed at different temperatures were investigated in detail. Crystal structure analyses showed that the film annealed at 800°C was single crystal Zn₂SnO₄ with an inverse-spinel structure. The heteroepitaxial mechanism was further clarified by a schematic diagram, and the epitaxial relationships between the film and substrate were Zn₂SnO₄ (400) || MgO (200) with Zn₂SnO₄ [001] || MgO [001]. The obtained Zn₂SnO₄ films exhibited excellent transparency. The optical band gap of the 800°C-annealed Zn₂SnO₄ film was about 3.97 eV. The extinction coefficients and refractive indexes of the Zn₂SnO₄ films annealed at different temperatures as a function of wavelength were analyzed in detail.     

Kinetics of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) synthesis reaction catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent

In this work, the kinetics of the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) synthesis reaction catalyzed by the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) at the low-temperature stage was studied to control the particle size of PVB resin and optimize its synthesis process. The effects of stirring speed, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), catalyst dosage, and temperature on the synthesis reaction of PVB were investigated. The data obtained from kinetic experiments at 283.15–298.15 K were fitted with the shrinking core models, and the results showed that the model controlled by internal diffusion fitted well with the experimental data. The internal diffusion coefficient, D_A, of n-butanal in the product layer was further calculated by the obtained model parameters, and it was applied to predict the synthesis reaction of PVB at different concentrations of n-butanal. The results indicated that the shrinking core model controlled by internal diffusion is suitable to describe the kinetics of the PVB synthesis reaction. DES played a dual role in catalysis and dispersion in the synthesis of PVB, and it was a green catalyst with good potential for PVB industrial applications.     

Molecular-scale hybrid membranes: Metal-oxo cluster crosslinked benzimidazole-linked polymer membranes for superior H2 purification

Hydrogen (H₂) purification requires separation membranes with excellent performance and high stability. Here, a few nanometer-sized Zr-oxygen clusters (CP-2) abundant in amino groups were incorporated in benzimidazole-linked polymers (BILPs) by interfacial polymerization (IP) to fabricate molecular-scale hybrid membranes for efficient H₂/CO₂ separation. The amino groups in CP-2 engage in IP. The structure of the BILPs polymer chains is regulated and more H₂ selective channels are created. The hybrid membranes provide an H₂/CO₂ selectivity of up to 75.2 (with a corresponding H₂ permeance of 318 GPU) and a high H₂ permeance of up to 1470 GPU (with a corresponding H₂/CO₂ selectivity of 23.6). In addition, the membranes exhibit satisfactory separation performance and durability under industry-relevant conditions (573 K, 11 bar, or steam treatment).     

Crystallization and crosslinking of polyamide‐1010 under elevated pressure

The structure and thermal properties of polyamide‐1010 (PA1010), treated at 250°C for 30 min under pressures of 0.7–2.5 GPa, were studied with wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), infrared (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystals were formed when the pressures were less than 1.0 GPa or greater than 1.2 GPa. With increasing pressure, the intensity of the diffraction peak at approximately 24° was enhanced, whereas the peak at approximately 20° was depressed. The triclinic crystal structure of PA1010 was preserved. The highest melting temperature of the crystals obtained in this work was 208°C for PA1010 treated at 1.5 GPa. Crosslinking occurred under pressures of 1.0–1.2 GPa. Only a broad diffraction peak centered at approximately 20° was observed on WAXD patterns, and no melting and crystallization peaks were found on DSC curves. IR spectra of crosslinked PA1010 showed a remarkable absorption band at 1370 cm^?1. The N? H stretching vibration band at 3305 cm^?1 was weakened. Crystallized PA1010 had a higher thermal stability than crosslinked PA1010, as indicated on TGA curves by a higher onset temperature of decomposition. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2522–2527, 2002