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991.
K. W. Dalgarno J. H. Pallari J. Woodburn K. Xiao D. J. Wood R. D. Goodridge C. Ohtsuki 《Virtual and Physical Prototyping》2006,1(3):137-145
The medical field is one in which the need for customization can be clear cut, as providing tailored devices and implants for unique physiologies can provide for a better overall treatment than the use of 'off the shelf' devices and implants. Customization in the production of medical products can be roughly divided into consideration of medical devices, and of implantable parts or systems. The present paper outlines the current state of the art in both of these areas, presents details of projects that are ongoing at the University of Leeds and outlines future research directions. 相似文献
992.
P. Perugini M. Vettor R. Tursilli† S. Scalia† I. Genta T. Modena F. Pavanetto B. Conti 《International journal of cosmetic science》2006,28(2):148-149
Due to the reduction of the ozone layer, there is an increasing need of effective UV protection systems with minimized side-effects. Trans-2-ethylhexyl- p -methoxycinnamate ( trans -EHMC) represents one of the most widely used sunscreen compound. Several studies demonstrated that trans -EHMC is unstable following UV irradiation both in solution and in emulsion formulations. Moreover, various reports of photocontact sensitization induced by trans -EHMC have appeared in the literature. Consequently, in order to ensure adequate efficacy and safety for this sunscreen agent, there is a need for new carrier systems to enhance trans -EHMC photostability. In the present study the photostability of the filter in different formulation types (emulsion–gel, gel and emulsion) with various ingredients is evaluated. In addition, nanoparticles based on poly- D , L -lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) as carrier for trans -EHMC are investigated. The influence of nanoparticle matrix on the photochemical stability of the sunscreen agent is also presented. The results obtained demonstrated that PLGA nanoparticles are effective in reducing the light-induced degradation of the sunscreen agent. Moreover, the choice of formulation type and the excipients used play an important role in order to obtain a stable cosmetic product containing trans -EHMC. 相似文献
993.
D.A. van Beek K.L. Man M.A. Reniers J.E. Rooda R.R.H. Schiffelers 《The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming》2006,68(1-2):129
The hybrid χ (Chi) formalism integrates concepts from dynamics and control theory with concepts from computer science, in particular from process algebra and hybrid automata. It integrates ease of modeling with a straightforward, structured operational semantics. Its ‘consistent equation semantics’ enforces state changes to be consistent with delay predicates, that combine the invariant and flow clauses of hybrid automata. Ease of modeling is ensured by means of the following concepts: (1) different classes of variables: discrete and continuous, of subclass jumping or non-jumping, and algebraic; (2) strong time determinism of alternative composition in combination with delayable guards; (3) integration of urgent and non-urgent actions; (4) differential algebraic equations as a process term as in mathematics; (5) steady-state initialization; and 6) several user-friendly syntactic extensions. Furthermore, the χ formalism incorporates several concepts for complex system specification: (1) process terms for scoping that integrate abstraction, local variables, local channels and local recursion definitions; (2) process definition and instantiation that enable process re-use, encapsulation, hierarchical and/or modular composition of processes; and (3) different interaction mechanisms: handshake synchronization and synchronous communication that allow interaction between processes without sharing variables, and shared variables that enable modular composition of continuous-time or hybrid processes. The syntax and semantics are illustrated using several examples. 相似文献
994.
Measurements in the CROCUS reactor at EPFL, Lausanne, are reported for the critical water level and the inverse reactor period for several different sets of delayed supercritical conditions. The experimental configurations were also calculated by four different calculation methods. For each of the supercritical configurations, the absolute reactivity value has been determined in two different ways, viz.: (i) through direct comparison of the multiplication factor obtained employing a given calculation method with the corresponding value for the critical case (calculated reactivity: ρcalc); (ii) by application of the inhour equation using the kinetic parameters obtained for the critical configuration and the measured inverse reactor period (measured reactivity: ρmeas). The calculated multiplication factors for the reference critical configuration, as well as ρcalc for the supercritical cases, are found to be in good agreement. However, the values of ρmeas produced by two of the applied calculation methods differ appreciably from the corresponding ρcalc values, clearly indicating deficiencies in the kinetic parameters obtained from these methods. 相似文献
995.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are the focus of current environmental issues, as they can cause adverse health effects to animals and human, subsequent to endocrine function. The objective of this study was to remove a specific compound of EDCs (i.e. pentachlorophenol, C(6)OCL(5)Na, molecular weight of 288 g/mol) using low pressure reverse osmosis membrane (LPROM). A cross flow module of LPROM was used to observe the effects of operating parameters, i.e. pH, operating pressure and temperature. The design of the experiment was based on MINITAB(TM) software, and the analysis of results was conducted by factorial analysis. It was found that the rejection of pentachlorophenol was higher than 80% at a recovery rate of 60 to 70%. The rejection was subjected to increase with the increase of pH. The flux was observed to be increased with the increase of operating pressure and temperature. This study also investigated the interaction effects between operating parameters involved. 相似文献
996.
Solute transport processes occur within a wide range of water engineering structures, and urban drainage engineers increasingly rely on modelling tools to represent the transport of dissolved materials. The models take as input representative travel time and dispersion characteristics for key system components, and these generally have to be identified via field or laboratory measurements. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has the potential to reveal the underlying hydraulic processes that control solute transport, and to provide a generic means of identifying relevant parameter values. This paper reports on a study that has been undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of utilising a CFD-based approach to modelling solute transport. Discrete phase modelling has been adopted, as this is computationally efficient and robust when compared with the time-dependent solution of the advection-dispersion equation. Simulation results are compared with published laboratory data characterising the dispersion effects of surcharged manholes, focusing specifically on an 800 mm diameter laboratory manhole for a flowrate of 0.002 m(3)/s and a range of surcharge depths. Preliminary indications are that the CFD results adequately replicate the measured downstream temporal concentration profiles, and that a threshold surcharge depth, corresponding to a change in hydraulic regime within the manhole, can also be identified. 相似文献
997.
R. Schietinger K. Strohmeyer 《Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit》2007,2(1):34-36
Zusammenfassung. Durch ein von Erzeugern und Vermarktern getragenes regionales Qualit?tssicherungsprogramm bei Gemüse konnten H?chstmengenüberschreitungen
innerhalb von 5 Jahren um vier Fünftel gesenkt und entsprechend die Verkehrsf?higkeit der vermarkteten Partien erh?ht werden.
Durch eine optimal organisierte Probenahme bereits vor der Ernte und Analytik innerhalb von zwei Tagen waren nicht vermarktungsf?hige
Partien rechtzeitig zu erkennen. Die Nutzung der Analysenergebnisse als Beratungsinstrument durch Markt, Erzeuger und Beratung
haben zu diesem Erfolg geführt. 相似文献
998.
V. N. Dermanskii N. V. Khmelevtsov R. V. Faizulina O. N. Moleva D. V. Sokhanchuk 《Metallurgist》2007,51(1-2):55-59
The temper-rolling mills in flat-rolled products shop No. 3 at the MMK has been equipped with the Vytyazhka automated system
to measure the elongation of strip (ASEMS) rolled on the mill. The elongation (relative elongation) of the strip is determined
through a frequency-based method of measuring the speed of the strip before and after reduction. The system transmits and
displays information on the temper-rolling of each coil. The information is shown as a diagram on the monitor of an industrial
computer. The reliability of the system allows it to be in continuous use. Introduction of the automated elongation measurement
system makes it possible to monitor the reductions being made during temperrolling, which in turn enables the shop to reduce
the number of products having properties that do not meet customers’ requirements.
__________
Translated from Metallurg, No. 1, pp. 62–63, January, 2007. 相似文献
999.
1000.