RETF: a TCP-Friendly Control Scheme Based on Rate Estimation for Stored Video

1　IntroductionTheInternethasrecentlybeenexperiencinganexplosivegrowthintheuseofreal timemultimediaservices.Real timemultimedia,asthenameim plies ,hastimingconstraints.Toavoidtheunac ceptabledelayintroducedbyretransmission ,real timemultimediaapplicationsusually preferUDP .However,aconsiderableamountof greedyUDPtrafficwoulddominatemuchnetworkbandwidth .Asaresult,theavailablebandwidthtoTCPconnec tionsisoppressedandtheirperformanceextremelydeteriorates.InorderforbothTCPandUDPses sionstof…     

An Improved Immune Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Optimization Problems of Computer Communication Networks

1　IntroductionIndesigningacomputercommunicationnet work ,thenetworkaveragedelayisanimportantpa rameterinthenetworkperformance .Inthispaper,weonlyconsiderM /M/1networks,whichmeansthatthemessageprocessingtimeisaprobabilisticdensityfunctionwithnegativepower,thegroupar rivalandsendingisofPoissiondistributionwithasinglequeue .Supposethatthenetworktopologicalstructureandtheestimatesoftheexternaltrafficrequirementsaregiven ,howtoselecttheoptimalroutestobeusedbythecommunicatingnodesinthenetworksoast…     

Research on the Handover of a Novel Cellular Architecture in Wireless Personal Communication Systems

1　IntroductionHandoverbetweencellsisplayinganimportantroleincellularcommunicationsystems[1～ 1 2 ] .Thehandoverprocedureanditseffectivenessareseriouslylimitedbythecellulararchitectureasaresultofmar ketplanning .Basedonthehexagonalcellulararchi tecture,manyhandoverprocedureshavebeendis cussedandevaluated ,andmostoftheimprovementproposedonthemleadstotheintroductionofsector ingcellularorlayeredcellularmodel.Otherwise ,abetterhandoverprocedureisessentialinmaintainingacallinprogressbutitreflectshi…     

The Algorithm and Its Application of a Multi-Channel Adaptive Decision-Feedback Equalizer

1　IntroductionOneofthekeyproblemsinhigh speeddigitalradiocommunicationistheInter Symbol Interfer ence (ISI)causedbythemulti pathbetweenthetransmitterandthereceiver.Becauseoftherelativemovementbetweenthereceiverandthetransmitterandthecontinuouschangeoftransmissionmedia,ISIisusuallytime variant.Inthepasttwotothreedecades,abroadstudyofthetype ,structureandadaptivealgorithmofadaptiveequalizershasbeencarriedouttomitigateISI[1～ 7] .Withtheintroductionofadaptiveantennasanddiversityreceptiontec…     

Distributed Speech Recognition Systems and Some Key Factors Affecting It''''s Performance

1　IntroductionWiththerapiddevelopmentofInternetandmobilecommunications,theresearchonwirelessmobilenetworkshasbecomethenewhotspotinin formationtechnologyfield .Asweknow ,mobileterminals (mobilephone,forexample)arethetooltohelppeopletoaccessanyinformationtheyneedbyanymediaatanytimeandanywhere .However,itissometimesdifficultformobileterminalstoplaysucharolebecauseofthelimitationssuchaslimitedca pacity ,lowpower,andinconvenienceinoperating .So,peoplehopetofindanotherwaytoaccessnet workinformatio…     

The investigation of electrodeposited Cu2O/ITO layers by chronocoulometry process: effect of electrical potential

The thin films of Cu₂O are deposited by electrodeposition technique onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate at different potentials. The precursor is an aqueous solution which contains respectively 0.05 M of CuSO₄ and citric acid at kept temperature of 60℃ and the applied potential varies within the {-0.4 V,-0.7 V} SCE range. Based on the chronocoulometry (CC) process, the electrochemical, structural and optical parameters are determined. We measured the current as function of potential within the {-0.4 V,-0.7 V} range and the higher current is found to be within the {-0.7 V,-0.3 V} band. The grain sizes are of 12.12 nm and 35.47 nm according to (110) and (221) orientations respectively. The high textural coefficient of 0.943 is recorded for the potential-0.7 V. The transmittance of 72.25 %, within the visible band, is obtained for the as-grown layer at-0.4 V and the band gap is found to be 2.2 eV for the electrodeposition potential of-0.7 V.     

轨道机车车载储能装置

本文介绍了针对轻轨列车的新型储能装置——新一代牵引变流器MITRAC TC520。该装置安装在MITRAC Energy Saver ES500型号的轻轨列车上。这种新型列车于2009年6月交付运行,目前越来越多这一类型列车由曼海姆公共交通运行商RNV投入商业运行。本文所阐述的使用超级电容的车载储能装置在原型轻轨车上运行超过四年时间,证明了其合理性。本装置可节省30%能量。目前RNV公司在19列轻轨车上装上这种MITRAC节能器,这个成功的项目得到RNV公司客户的一致好评。在地铁列车上安装MITRAC装置最直接的技术效果就是节能,并且减少了第三轨的能量需求,同时可以作为停电时的辅助救援手段保证列车继续运行到下一个车站,保证乘客安全。     

工作在1341nm的LD纵向抽运腔倒空锁模Nd∶YAP激光器

报道了工作在1341 nm的激光二极管(LD)纵向抽运主被动锁模Nd∶YAP激光器。该激光器采用Nd∶YAP晶体作为增益介质,可饱和吸收体V3+∶YAG作为被动锁模器件,声光调制器作为主动锁模器件。在抽运能量50 mJ,抽运频率10 Hz的情况下获得了0.82 mJ的脉冲串输出。该脉冲串的半峰全宽为570 ns,每个脉冲间的间隔为7.7 ns,共包含约75个脉冲,单脉冲的平均能量为11μJ。采用电光晶体RbTiOPO4(RTP)作腔倒空,获得了能量为160μJ,脉宽为680 ps的单脉冲输出。采用InGaAs红外探测器测得光斑大小约为1.2 mm,激光传播因子M2约为1.5。     

美国提高碳酸盐岩油藏原油采收率现场经验综述

世界油气资源主要来自碳酸盐岩油藏。碳酸盐储层通常为低孔隙度,而且可能含有裂缝。这两种特性,与岩石的润湿性由油湿转变为混合润湿,常常造成油气采收率的降低。一旦采用提高原油采收率（EOR）的方法,所注入的流体就有可能穿过裂缝系统并绕过岩石基质中的原油流动。裂缝系统的高渗透性及低当量孔隙容积,常常导致所注流体的提早突破。通常,采用加密钻井和提高波及效率的方法（主要是封堵产层出气和出水的方法）来缓解这种提早突破,从而达到提高原油采收率的目的。然而,在大多数情况下,仍有占原始石油地质储量（OOIP）40％-50％的原油无法采出。 许多碳酸盐岩油藏的EOR（提高原油采收率）现场试验方案都是参照20世纪70年代早期以来的文献介绍制定的。这些方案证明了各种EOR方法用于碳酸盐油藏的技术可行性。但是,由于油价下跌,许多EOR计划被搁置。本文汇总了美国碳酸盐岩油藏的EOR（注气、注化学剂、以及热力法）现场试验,以期确定下一步评价的主要易变参数和项目设计参数,恢复处于开采中后期碳酸盐岩油藏的活力。 二氧化碳（CO2）驱[连续注入或水、气交替（WAG）注入]是在美国使用的主要EOR工艺。其原因在于二氧化碳的高效价比。二氧化碳EOR法,向主要代表地层中碳的贮藏与螯合的可行性迈出了合理的第一步。尽管EOR化学法,特别是聚合物驱已经在美国碳酸盐岩油藏进行了广泛试验,但相对而言,该方法对总采油量的贡献还很有限。 本文简要概述了当前EOR的实验室工作（如润湿性变化和新型化学添加剂方面）,以及在碳酸盐岩地层中所用的EOR化学方法的现场（如提高注入效率）经验。根据过去的和当前的经验,围绕筛选出可用于碳酸盐岩油田EOR的方法做了简要论述。     

Improvement of shelf-life and wholesomeness of ground beef by irradiation-2. Chemical analysis and sensory evaluation

Lean ground beef was exposed to three dose levels of gamma radiations (Cobalt-60) (1·0, 2·5 and 5·0 kGy). Chemical indices monitored throughout the storage period (16 days, 4°C) included pH, free fatty acids and peroxides. Irradiation clearly contributed to a diminution of the pH and an increase of the peroxides. Free fatty acids were not affected. The 10 non-expert panellists indicated a noticeable effect of irradiation on the odour and colour of the raw product. The odour and flavour of the irradiated cooked ground beef was slightly disliked while no difference was perceived in the colour and texture of the cooked irradiated ground beef. Following these considerations, it is recommended that ground beef be treated with a low dose (such as 1 kGy).