海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究进展

针对塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究的需求,国家自然科学基金委员会于2020年初启动了企业创新发展联合基金集成项目。该文简要回顾了项目在古克拉通盆地原型-改造作用分析、海相深层碳酸盐岩油气和深层页岩气富集与流动机理、深层复杂构造成像与多类型储层预测原理、高温高压深层钻完井工程与控制原理等方面取得的初步研究进展,并介绍了在塔里木和四川盆地的部分初步应用和推广情况。     

圆高强钢管UHPC梁抗弯性能研究

高强钢管高强混凝土的应用越来越广泛,但目前对于其徐变特性的试验研究较少。该文对15根不同含钢率的高强钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱进行了365 d的收缩和徐变测试,并将试验结果与常用的徐变预测模型MC90、ACI209和MC2010等进行了对比。试验结果表明：高强钢管高强混凝土的徐变系数远小于素混凝土,当加载365 d后,素混凝土的徐变系数是高强钢管高强混凝土的2倍以上;含钢率对钢管混凝土试件的徐变有一定影响,徐变系数随着含钢率的增大而减小。在对比的3种常用徐变预测模型中,MC2010模型的徐变预测结果与试验结果吻合最好,可推荐用于高强钢管高强混凝土的收缩和徐变效应计算。此外,还将高强钢管高强混凝土与普通钢管混凝土的徐变试验结果进行了对比,结果表明,钢管混凝土的徐变随着核心混凝抗压强度的增加而减小。研究成果可为高强钢管高强混凝土轴心受压构件在正常使用阶段的徐变预测及徐变变形控制提供依据。     

Inter-satellite calibration linkages for the visible and near-infared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on the NOAA-7, -9, and -11 spacecraft

The post-launch degradation of the visible (channel 1:≈0· 58–0·68μm) and near-infrared (channel 2: ≈ O·72–1·1 μm) channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA–7, –9, and –11 Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) was estimated using the south-eastern part of the Libyan desert as a radiometrically stable calibration target. The relative annual degradation rates, in per cent, for the two channels are, respectively: 3·6 and 4·3 (NOAA–7) 5·9 and 3·5 (NOAA–9); and 1·2 and 2·0 (NOAA–11). Using the relative degradation rates thus determined, in conjunction with absolute calibrations based on congruent path aircraft/satellite radiance measurements over White Sands, New Mexico (U.S.A.), the variation in time of the absolute gain or ‘slope’ of the AVHRR on NOAA–9 was evaluated. Inter-satellite calibration linkages were established, using the AYHRR on NOAA–9 as a normalization standard. Formulae for the calculation of calibrated radiances and albedos (AYHRR usage), based on these interlinkages, are given for the three AYHRRs.     

Gyres off the Somali coast and western boundary currents in the Bay of Bengal during the south-west monsoon

Satellite remotely-sensed sea surface temperature (SST) data were obtained during the initial phase of the onset of the south-west monsoon in the north-western Indian Ocean for the years 1987and 1988. Large wedge-like areas of upwelled water during 1988 were observed at 5°Nand 10°N after the Somali current spinup, indicative of a two-gyre circulation in the Somali current system. Satellite infrared observations of the Bay of Bengal during the early February 1990revealed the existenceof two bands of warm water that resembled a western boundary current (WBC) along the east coast of India. A warm core eddy, with a major axis of nearly 120km, appeared at 89°E and 19°N at the end of the axis of the current. The existence of the two gyre system ofT the Somali coast and the presence or absence of the WBC in the Bay of Bengal in response to the onset of the summer monsoon has been discussed in detail.     

Frequency dependence of polarization phase difference

Polarimetric AIRSAR data of 13 July 1990 acquired over Mahantango watershed area were processed for the identification of cornfields and forested areas. Polarization Phase Difference (PPD) values were computed for the cornfields at P-, L- and C- bands and studied as a function of frequency. The results compare well with the model calculations at 24° incidence angle, whereas the locations of cornfields were computed to be at 35° incidence angle. The discrepancy is attributed to a lack of accurate ground truth and the undulating topography of the cornfields. Another study reported here deals with the usefulness of the Polarization Index (PI) for the study of vegetation. PI was found to be dependent on the frequency for the cornfields, whereas for forest trees no such dependence was noticed. PI _HH,HV is a more useful parameter than PI _HH,HV even for the study of cornfields.     

Rice crop identification and area estimation using remotely-sensed data from Indian cropping patterns

Abstract

This study attempts to give an appraisal of the use of remotely-sensed data for different rice cropping patterns specific to India. Using even 80 m spatial resolution data of LANDSAT MSS in the form of false colour composites (FCCs), the rice crop was identified with an accuracy of 90 to 94 per cent from cropping patterns having more than 50 per cent of cropped area under rice. Cropping patterns having less than 50 percent of cropped area under rice and the rest of the area under multiple crops were identified with an accuracy of 75 percent. From the Indian experiences of higher spatial resolution multispcctral scanner data (3m resolution) and in the present study, it was observed that besides higher spatial resolution, acquisition of data at the critical crop windows (the periods of minimum overlap of greenness of rice with other crops) is necessary to reach 90 per cent accuracy for multiple cropping patterns.     

Stability of a class of coupled non-linear time-varying systemsf†

The paper describes a two-stage method for the design of proportional-derivative output feedback for pole placement in multivariable systems. In the first stage, a number of poles are assigned by means of proportional output feedback. In the second stage, the assigned poles are preserved and a number of additional poles are positioned using proportional-derivative output feedback. The method is extended to the design of proportional-multiple-derivative output feedback and is illustrated by a numerical example.     

Active RC synthesis using a voltage amplifier†

A method is presented of synthesizing any voltage transfer function (without positive real axis zeros) using a voltage amplifier and a pair of RC grounded two-port networks.     

橡胶轴承-转轴系统碰摩响应动力学特性研究

将橡胶轴承支撑的转轴/轴承系统简化为非线性弹性支撑的转轴/轴承系统。基于非线性动力学及分叉理论进行分析、研究,确定周期无碰摩响应边界、碰摩运动边界、稳定性边界。结果表明,同频全周碰摩、跳跃现象及碰摩响应在周期、非周期运动间过渡;通过对阻尼比、偏心率等系统参数对系统动态响应特性影响分析获得参数平面内不同碰摩响应区域边界。因而可较好理解系统参数与不同系统响应特性间关系。     

Role of neural network models for developing speech systems

This paper discusses the application of neural networks for developing different speech systems. Prosodic parameters of speech at syllable level depend on positional, contextual and phonological features of the syllables. In this paper, neural networks are explored to model the prosodic parameters of the syllables from their positional, contextual and phonological features. The prosodic parameters considered in this work are duration and sequence of pitch (F ₀) values of the syllables. These prosody models are further examined for applications such as text to speech synthesis, speech recognition, speaker recognition and language identification. Neural network models in voice conversion system are explored for capturing the mapping functions between source and target speakers at source, system and prosodic levels. We have also used neural network models for characterizing the emotions present in speech. For identification of dialects in Hindi, neural network models are used to capture the dialect specific information from spectral and prosodic features of speech.