Effect of Maillard Reaction on Some Physical Properties of Ovalbumin

Ovalbumin freeze-dried with or without the addition of glucose was stored at 50°C and 65% relative humidity to study the effect of the Maillard reaction on some physical properties of ovalbumin. In the early stage of the reaction in which ovalbumin-glucose complexes were formed, there were soluble types of monomer and aggregates of which α-helix and available lysine contents were gradually decreased with length of storage and degree of aggregation. These compounds were characterized by properties possessing a marked resistance towards destruction of conformation and coagulation. With progress of the reaction, ovalbumin-glucose complexes changed to insoluble forms having higher particle weight and breakdown products.     

Influence of sub-micrometer notches on the fracture of single crystal silicon thin films

The influence of notches on the fracture of single crystal silicon thin films was investigated. The tests were conducted on notched and smooth tensile specimens micromachined on a silicon wafer. The specimen geometry was 100 μm long, 50 μm wide and 5 μm thick. For the notched specimen, a V‐shaped sub‐micrometer notch was introduced on one edge of it by using a focused ion beam (FIB) process. The notch lengths ranged from 0.07 to 1.3 μm. Four types of specimens with different surfaces and tensile orientations were tested. The smooth specimens showed scattered fracture strengths and ‘collapsed’ fractures. For the restrictive‐shaped notches, the critical length was 0.5 μm. The short‐notched (<0.5 μm) specimens also showed ‘collapsed’ fractures, and the stress concentrations on notch tips decreased their fracture strengths. For the long‐notched (>0.5 μm) specimens, the notch was equivalent to a crack in the Griffith model and the crack mainly propagated on {111} cleaved planes.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTANGULAR MIXING VESSELS

Abstract

The convective diffusion equation of aerosols in the case of gas stream slip on the fibre cylindrical surface has been solved by means of the finite element collocation method. Half-analytical form of the solution makes it possible to examine directly changes the slip causes in the distribution of solids around the fibre surface. Concentration profiles and deposition efficiency computed by this method differ from the experiment results less than those obtained by the common method of finite differences. Additionally the finite element collocation has proved to converge more rapidly than that of finite differences (at optimal conditions of calculation for both methods).¹⁰     

Effects of Bismuth Sesquioxide on the Characteristics of ZnO Varistors

The nonlinearity of ZnO varistors is significantly influenced by the Bi₂O₃ and Sb₂O₃ contents, as well as by the phase composition of the Bi₂O₃. Degradation of the current-voltage characteristics due to the applied voltage is not always lowered by the β—γ transition of the Bi₂O₃ phase. Lattice parameter determinations and stress analyses suggest that the Bi₂O₃-rich phase in multigrain junctions causes mechanical strain at the grain boundary which may play an important role in the current-voltage characteristics of ZnO varistors.     

Characterization of the cobalt component in the positive- electrode material of a nickel metal hydride battery using extended X-ray absorption fine structure

Abstracts are not published in this journal     

日本污水处理构筑物钢筋混凝土结构的腐蚀及防护

针对污水处理系统中的混凝土构筑物受到的各种腐蚀介质的侵蚀问题,从腐蚀的机理、对策、抑制技术,防腐技术、工法等方面,介绍日本在此领域的技术、经验及做法。     

Control of Snow Falling Flow around NACA0015 Blade using a Plasma Electrode with Weather Resistant Design

The plasma actuation (PA) effect on the snow falling flow was investigated using a plasma electrode with weather resistant design and the natural snow wind facility of the Hokkaido University of Science. NACA0015 test blade with chord length c of 300 mm was used. Wind tunnel tests were carried out under the angle of the attack of the blade was fixed at 15 degrees, and the main flow velocity is U=5 m/s. PIV (Particle image velocimetry) measurements were conducted on various PA conditions using natural dry snowflakes as a tracer. When the actuator was driven under the condition of the fundamental frequency of F=50 kHz, and the pulsed modulated frequency f of fc/U=1 and Duty ratio (Ratio of plasma ON time to pulse duration time) =1%, movement of snowflakes was controlled the most effectively tested. It was clarified that the fundamental frequency of PA also affects the control of snow flow. Under snowfall conditions, the weather resistant designed plasma electrode has suffered no damage and operated successfully.     

SOME METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Abstract

Three programs develpoed to analyze data for liquid-liquid extraction of metal have been applied to the calculation of the stability constants of aqueous cadmium(II)-thiocyanato complexes by using the data for the extraction of tricaprylmethylammonium salt in benzene. The resulting stability constants of the aqueous thiocyanato complexes determined were: for the trial and error method log β₁ = 2·97, log β₂ = 3·70, log β₃ =3·50 and log β₄ =3·28; for the Gauss method log β₁ = 2·91, log β₂ = 3·70, log β₃ =3·35 and log β₄ = 3·29; for the Newton-Gauss method for log β₁ = 2·47, log β₂ =3·24, log β₃ =2·29 and log β₄ = 2·85     

Acidity Control and Catalysis of Pentasil Zeolites

Acidities of pentasil zeolites were measured and correlated with aluminum content using the following methods: (1) Acid-base indicator method, (2) NH₃-TPD spectra, (3) GC pulse adsorption of pyridine and 4-methylquinoline, and (4) FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine.

By controlling the acidity of pentasil zeolites, we have succeeded in obtaining high catalytic performance both in paraselective dealkylation of cymenes and in vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to ?-caprolactam. In the dealkylation, moderate acidity of Li-ZSM-5 was the key to avoid side reactions while keeping a high conversion of cymenes. In the Beckmann rearrangement, neutrality and crystallinity of the pentasil zeolite were keys to obtain a high lactam selectivity, and a high lactam selectivity of 95% was attained by the surface treatment with chlorotrimethylsilane. The active sites were elucidated to be neutral silanols on the external surface of zeolite.     

高温流化床的流化特性及结焦非流化行为

在 8 0 mm× 30 mm和 80 mm× 10 mm石英流化床中 ,以低温粘结的高密度聚乙烯和聚丙烯 ,高温粘结的玻璃珠为实验物料 ,研究了高温流化床的流化特性及高温下物料结焦产生的非流化行为。结果表明 ,在本文实验条件下 ,Geldart A、B类高温表面粘结物料 ,床层温度小于其最小粘结温度时 ,床层温度增大 ,颗粒的最小流化速度减小 ;Geldart D类高温表面粘结物料的最小流化速度随温度增加而增大。得出了不同温度下颗粒最小流化速度预测式。床层温度大于最小粘结温度时 ,流化床需在较高的表观气速下才能保持流化 ,床层温度愈高床层流化所需的表观气速越大。研究同时发现 ,颗粒物料的粒径减小 ,流化颗粒的最小粘结温度减小。