Very long chain PUFA in murine testicular triglycerides and cholesterol esters

Very long chain (VLC) PUFA of the n−6 and n−3 series are known to occur in mammalian testis. The aim of this work was to characterize further two testicular lipid classes with VLCPUFA, cholesterol esters (CE) and total triglycerides (TG) in rat and mouse testis. The VLCPUFA predominating in these lipids were a series of n−6 pentaenes and tetraenes with 24 to 32 carbons, including small amounts of odd-chain PUFA, 28∶5n−6 and 24∶5n−6 prevailing in CE and TG, respectively. Most of the VLCPUFA of TG were concentrated in a small fraction of TG, made up by 1-O-alkyl-2,3-DAG. This TG subclass was absent altogether from the TG of sexually immature testis. The TG and the CE with VLCPUFA only occurred in testis of adult fertile animals. The proportion of VLCPUFA in total TG and CE was higher in rodents than in other mammals. In the n−6 PUFA-rich adult mouse testis, the amounts of testicular triacylglycerols decreased significantly after consumption of fish oil for 2 wk. Whereas 18∶2n−6 was significantly reduced, the amounts of 22∶5n−6 and longer n−6 PUFA were less affected in all mamor testicular lipids including PC and PE, where they were unchanged. The 1-O-alkyl-2,3-DAG and their n−6 VLCPUFA were virtually unaffected by the diet. The VLCPUFA-containing molecular species of CE and TG may represent a form of storage of cholesterol and polyenoic FA required to sustain spermatogenesis. Via chain-shortening, VLCPUFA stored in the neutral lipids may serve as precursors of the major C₂₂ PUFA typical of cell membrane glycerophospholipids, protecting testicular cells against shifts in FA composition induced by dietary changes.     

大孔强酸树脂吸附硫脲金

研究了D072大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂从硫脲[Tu=CS(NH2)2]浸金液中吸附Au(Tu)2+的性能和机理. 结果表明，pH=2.0时，树脂对Au(Tu)2+有优良的吸附性能，金的交换容量为78.95 mg/g (Au/干树脂)，吸附的硫脲金可用乙醇-硫酸水溶液洗脱，洗脱率可达96.5%. D072树脂对Au(Tu)2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium</Emphasis> sp. ZD-Z1 chitosanase immobilized on DEAE cellulose by cross-linking reaction

Chitosanase obtained fromPenicillium sp.ZD-Z1 was immobilized on DEAE cellulose with glutaraldehyde by cross-linking reaction. The optimal conditions of immobilization were as follows: 0.1 g DEAE cellulose was treated with 5 ml 5% glutaraldehyde solution; then 2.3 mg chitosanase was immobilized on the carrier. The optimal temperature and pH was 60 °C and 4.0, and the K _m value was 18.87 g/L. Under optimal conditions, the activity of immobilized enzyme is 1.5 U/g, and the recovery of enzyme activity is 81.3%. After immobilization, the optimal temperature and K _m value increased (from 50 °C to 60 °C, from 2.49 g/L to 18.87 g/L), whereas the optimal pH was reduced (from 5.0 to 4.0). The enzyme activity loss was less than 20% after 10 times batch reaction; the immobilized enzyme showed good operation stability.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of LA-MN-Hexaaluminates for the catalytic combustion of methane

Hydrothermal synthesis by using urea hydrolysis at 1.0-3.0 MPa and 120-130 ‡C was employed to prepare Mn-substituted hexaaluminate catalysts for methane combustion. The results from DTA-MS demonstrated that CO_3- and Off anions co-exist in the hydrothermal reaction. XRD reveals that the components of carbonates and hydroxides in the hydrothermal reaction are more favorable than those in the (NH₄)₂CO₃ co-precipitation for the formation of the Mn-substituted hexaaluminate phase. After calcination at 1,200 ‡C for 2 h, LaMnAl₁₁O₁₉ is the major phase of the catalyst prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method while LaAlO₃ is the major one of the catalysts prepared by NH₄OH and (NH₄)₂CO₃ co-precipitation. The catalyst prepared by hydrothermal synthesis has higher activity than that prepared by NH₄OH and (NH₄)₂CO₃ co-precipitation. The major reason is that more Mn²⁺ ions have incorporated into the hexaaluminate lattice. The effect of drying methods on the formation of hexaaluminate phase was also discussed.     

Catalytic degradation of waste polyolefinic polymers using spent FCC catalyst with various experimental variables

Liquid-phase catalytic degradation of waste polyolefinic polymers (HDPE, LDPE, PP) over spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst was carried out at atmospheric pressure with a stirred semi-batch operation. The effect of experimental variables, such as catalyst amount, reaction temperature, plastic types and weight ratio of mixed plastic on the yield and accumulative amount distribution of liquid product for catalytic degradation was investigated. The initial rate of catalytic degradation of waste HDPE was linearly increased with catalyst amount (4-12 wt%), while that was exponentially increased with reaction temperature (350-430 ‡C). Spent FCC catalyst in the liquid-phase catalytic degradation of polymer was not deactivated fast. The product distribution from catalytic degradation using spent FCC catalyst strongly depended on the plastic type. The catalytic degradation of mixed plastic (HDPE: LDPE: PP: PS=3: 2: 3: 1) showed lower degradation temperature by about 20 ‡C than that of pure HDPE.     

Synthesis and Polymerization of Cationic bis(cyclopentadienyliron)arene Complexes Containing Arylazo Dyes

The synthesis of the title complexes was achieved via the reaction of -p-dichlorobenzene- -cyclopentadienyliron cations with 4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid to produce the diiron complexes which were then reacted with a number of arylazo dyes to give cationic bis(cyclopentadienyliron)arene complexes containing the arylazo dyes. These iron-containing monomers were subsequently polymerized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution using 1,8-octanedithiol, 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol, or bisphenol A to produce the desired coloured cationic organoiron polymers. The weight – average molecular weights were estimated to range from 11,800 to 31,600. UV–vis studies conducted in dimethylformamide (DMF) showed that the metallated polymers exhibited of 412–491 nm. Addition of HCl to the polymer solution caused a bathochromic shift into the range of 515–530 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the iron moieties were cleaved between 205 and 248 °C while the polyether/thioether backbone degraded between 380 and 613 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the polymers exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 106 to 184°C.This paper is dedicated to Professor Richard J. Puddephatt in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the field of metal-containing polymers.     

(<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z,Z</Emphasis>)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-One: Major Sex Pheromone Component Of Painted Apple Moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Teia anartoides</Emphasis>

(Z, Z)-6,9-Heneicosadien-11-one (Z6Z9-11-one-21Hy) was identified as the major sex pheromone component of the painted apple moth (PAM), Teia anartoides (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), on the basis of (1) comparative gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses, GC-mass spectrometry (MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-MS, and HPLC-UV/visible spectroscopy of pheromone gland extracts and authentic standards; (2) GC-EAD analyses of effluvia of calling females; and (3) wind tunnel and field trapping experiments with a synthetic standard. In field experiments in Australia, synthetic Z6Z9-11-one-21Hy as a single component attracted male moths. Wind tunnel experiments suggested that a 4-component blend consisting of Z6Z9-11-one-21Hy, (6Z,9R,10S)-cis-9,10-epoxy-heneicosene (Z6-9R10S-epo-21Hy), (E, E)-7,9-heneicosadien-6,11-dione (E7E9-6,11-dione-21Hy), and 6-hydroxy-(E, E)-7,9-heneicosadien-11-one (E7E9-6-ol-11-one-21Hy) (all present in pheromone gland extracts) might induce more males to orient toward, approach, and contact the source than did Z6Z9-11-one-21Hy as a single component. Additional experiments are needed to determine conclusively whether or not Z6-9R10S-epo-21Hy, E7E9-6,11-dione-21Hy, and E7E9-6-ol-11-one-21Hy might be minor sex pheromone components of PAM. Moreover, attractiveness of synthetic pheromone and virgin PAM females needs to be compared to determine whether synthetic pheromone could replace PAM females as trap baits in the program to monitor eradication of exotic PAM in New Zealand.     

Experiences from using heat integration software to determine retrofit opportunities within a refinery process

Heat integration techniques can be used to optimize the energy requirement for both new and retrofit plant designs. Software tools for identifying retrofit options are becoming available. This paper reports our experiences from using heat exchanger network (HEN) optimization software for a retrofit case study of an oil refinery process. The HEN optimization software was used to automate the search for the most beneficial retrofit designs following the twostage process proposed by Asante and Zhu. The software provided three potential retrofit designs. Results from this analysis were used as the basis of a rigorous mass and energy balance simulation of the plant. The simulation corroborated the energy savings, but there were some important differences. The simulation required 20% more heat exchange area. Furthermore, the retrofit design involving one topology change was shown to be less economic than an alternative design. These differences are discussed and a revised methodology is proposed.     

Associations between apolipoprotein E genotype and circulating F<Subscript>2</Subscript>-isoprostane levels in humans

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), an important determinant of plasma lipoprotein metabolism, has three common alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4). Population studies have shown that the risk of diseases characterized by oxidative damage, such as coronary heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease, is significantly higher in ɛ4 carriers. We evaluated the association between apoE genotypes and plasma F₂-isoprostane levels, an index of lipid peroxidation, in humans. Two hundred seventy-four healthy subjects (104 males, 170 females; 46.9±13.0 yr; 200 whites, 74 blacks; 81 nonsmokers, 64 passive smokers, and 129 active smokers) recruited for a randomized clinical antioxidant intervention trial were included in this analysis. ApoE genotype was determined by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Free plasma F₂-isoprostane was measured by GC-MS. Genotype groups were compared using multiple regression analysis with adjustment for sex, age, race, smoking status, body mass index, plasma ascorbic acid, and β-carotene. Subjects with ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 genotype (ε4-carriers) and with ε2/ε3 and ε3/ε3 (non-ε4-carriers) were pooled for analysis. In subjects with high cholesterol levels (total cholesterol above 200 mg/dl), plasma F₂-isoprostane levels were 29% higher in ε4 carriers than in non-ε4-carriers (P=0.0056). High-cholesterol subjects that are ε4 carriers have significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation as assessed by circulating F₂-isoprostane levels.     

气候变化背景下流域生态需水预估−以好溪流域为例

为探究未来气候变化对流域生态需水量的影响,保障河流生态需水量,针对好溪流域进行生态需水量计算 及预测。基于好溪流域气象数据及下垫面条件建立流域生态需水模型,并根据 GF1-WFV 遥感影像数据订正后的 地表反射率和作物种植结构提升模型模拟精度。选择 CanESM2气候模式下的 RCP2.6、RCP4.5 和 RCP8.5 这 3 种 排放情景,建立气候变化背景下流域生态需水预测方法,计算现状年并预测未来年份的生态需水量及生态需水保 障程度。结果表明,基于光学遥感影像进行数据订正后,模型模拟精度有所提升,率定期的模型精度 R2从 0.80 提 升为 0.85,验证期的 R2从 0.75 提升至 0.78。应用提升精度后的模型进行生态需水预测,在 RCP2.6、RCP4.5 和 RCP8.5 情景下,2025—2100 年的年均生态需水分别增加了 0.27 亿、0.21 亿和 0.29 亿 m3,其中 RCP8.5 情景下生态 需水保障程度最高,RCP4.5 情景下生态需水保障程度最低。