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61.
This paper focuses on the development of an optimized photovoltaic tracking system involving low-cost, relative simple mechanisms, with linear actuators able to insure strokes comparable with those resulted when using gear rotary actuators. Starting with a rhombus linkage, with a linear actuator on the diagonal used for the elevation motion till 90°, a new performance solution is generated. This new linkage allows large angular strokes by using an asymmetric rhombus and an eccentrically positioned linear ac... 相似文献
62.
Robert Ianoş Radu Lazău Ioan Lazău Cornelia Păcurariu 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2012,32(8):1605-1611
The removal of carbon residue from ZnAl2O4 nanopowders by annealing at 500–800 °C leads to a decrease of specific surface area from 228.1 m2/g to 47.6 m2/g. At the same time, the average crystallite size increased from 5.1 nm to 14.9 nm. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a new solution for removing the carbon residue has been suggested: chemical oxidation using hydrogen peroxide. In terms of carbon removal, a H2O2 treatment for 8 h at 107 °C proved to be equivalent to a heat treatment of 1 h at 600 °C. The benefits of chemical oxidation over thermal oxidation were obvious. The specific surface area was much larger (188.1 m2/g) in the case of the powder treated with H2O2. The average crystallite size (5.8 nm) of ZnAl2O4 powder treated with H2O2 was smaller than the crystallite size (8.2 nm) of the ZnAl2O4 powder annealed at 600 °C. 相似文献
63.
Ana M. López Antonio Lozano Juan A. García Luis Valiño Radu Mustata 《Journal of power sources》2009,192(1):94-99
This experimental research studies some aspects of water formation and management in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To this end, two different single cells of 49 cm2 active area have been tested, the first one with a serpentine-parallel geometry and the second with a cascade-type flow-field topology. In order to visualize the processes, flow-field channels have been machined on transparent plastic. Experiments have consisted in both image acquisition using a CCD camera, and simultaneous measurements of pressure drop in both hydrogen and oxygen gas flow paths. It has been observed that with the cascade-type flow-field geometry, water produced in the cathode does not flood the gas flow channels and, consequently, can be drained in an easy way. On the other hand, it has also been verified that saturated condition for the hydrogen gas flow at the anode side produces water condensation and channel flooding for the serpentine-parallel flow-field topology. Time fluctuations in the pressure drop of the gas flow have been detected and are associated to some transient process inherent to water formation and management. 相似文献
64.
The electrochemical behaviour of tocopherols on solid platinum electrodes, using cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry
and differential pulse voltammetry, in non-aqueous media, was studied. D-α-, D-γ-, and D-δ-tocopherol (E vitamins) provided
well-defined voltammograms, each of them exhibiting a characteristic peak (respectively 0.550 V, 0.700 V and 0.750 V vs. a
silver, silver chloride/chloride reference electrode). The differential pulse voltammograms were suitable for the electroanaytical
determination, in the respective concentration ranges of (2 ×10−8÷1×10−5) mol l−1, (2.2×10−8÷1.4×10−6) mol l−1 and (2.2×10−8÷3.31×10−5) mol l−1, of α-, γ-, δ- tocopherol. An electrochemical estimation of the tocopherols' antioxidative properties, related to the free
radical 2,2′diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazil was made. The maximum value of the characteristic peak of tocopherol decreased with
DPPH concentration.
Received: 26 July 1999 / Revised version: 1 October 1999 相似文献
65.
Radu Bălan Joshua Cooper Kuo-Ming Chao Sergiu Stan Radu Donca 《Energy and Buildings》2011,43(2-3):748-758
HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems used for heating or cooling buildings, consume a considerable amount of energy. To optimize the energy consumption, the behavior of occupants must be changed. This can be achieved by providing information and suggestions to occupants. A first step is developing of a less expensive and non-invasive measurement system and metering of the electricity and heat consumed. Based on collected experimental data, it can identify the parameters of a thermal model of the house. The model obtained will be used to simulate different aspects that can help to reduce the energy consumption. This paper presents a simple solution for thermal modeling of a house which includes experimental identification of the model's parameters. Such data are used to simulate the thermal behavior of the house and to obtain solutions to reduce energy consumption. In simulation, the control of the thermal system is performed using a model based predictive control algorithm. 相似文献
66.
Valentina E. Smirnova Iosif V. Gofman Vladimir E. Yudin Irina P. Dobrovolskaya Alexander N. Shumakov Andrey L. Didenko Valentine M. Svetlichnyi Ellen Wachtel Rinat Shechter Hannah Harel Gad Marom 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2009,49(2):217-222
The solid state crystallization in drawn thermoplastic polyimide films is studied as a function of draw ratio (DR) under the effect of vapor grown carbon fiber nanoinclusions. The nucleating effect of the nanoinclusions coupled with the orientation effect of drawing generates a unique orientated layered lamellar structure, characteristic of smectic‐like mesophase. The degree of draw induced orientated crystallization increases with the content of nanoinclusions and with the DR, and is reflected in the mechanical behavior of the film. Generally, the Young's modulus and the yield point of the drawn crystalline films in the drawing direction are significantly higher compared with the noncrystalline counterparts. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
67.
Radu A. Florescu 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》1986,2(2):101-106
This paper starts from the main objections regarding MIL-HDBK-217 and the BELLCORE method for reliability prediction, objections asserting that these methods are approximate, complicated and unconvincing. To support these assertions, and by applying techniques specific to reliability theory, the author has developed a reliability model which is plausible for certain elements of technical systems. The existence of such a model, which in practice is useless because the failure rate expression is too complicated, proves clearly the inefficiency of classical methods. 相似文献
68.
Bactenecin 5 (Bac 5), a cationic antibacterial peptide, contains a repeating region of Arg-Pro-Pro-X (X = hydrophobic residue). To investigate the structure and property of a Pro/Arg-rich region, we synthesized a series of repeating peptides, Ac-(Arg-Pro-Pro-Phe)n-NHCH3 (n = 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) (PR2, PR4, PR6, PR8 and PR10) as models. The circular dichroism (CD) study suggested that the peptides with longer repeats, PR6, PR8 and PR10, formed a conformation similar to poly(proline)-II in aqueous solution. The CD spectra did not change in the presence of dipalmitoyl-DL-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), but they changed in the presence of DPPC/ dipalmitoyl-DL-3-phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG). The gamma-helix, which is very similar in conformation to the poly(proline)-II helix, had the lowest energy conformation for the peptides by energy calculations. Peptides PR6, PR8 and PR10 caused slight leakage of fluorescent dye entrapped in DPPC vesicles, and in the presence of DPPC/DPPG, these peptides showed a considerable level of dye-leakage activity. In contrast, the shorter peptides PR2 and PR4 showed no activity. The same tendency was found in measurements of membrane-fusion activity. Judging from these results, the repeating region of Bac 5 may make a framework to hold a conformation resembling the poly(proline)-II structure in aqueous solution. In addition, this region may interact with acidic lipids, resulting in a change in conformation of the peptide. 相似文献
69.
The paper brings new evidence on the impact of separate mechanical ventilation system on the annual energy and exergy performance of several design alternatives of residential heating systems, when they are designed for a house in Montreal. Mathematical models of residential heating, ventilation and domestic hot water (HVAC–DHW) systems, which are needed for this purpose, are developed and furthermore implemented in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) environment. The Coefficient of Performance and the exergy efficiency are estimated as well as the entropy generation and exergy destruction of the overall system. The equivalent greenhouse gas emissions due to the on-site and off-site use of primary energy sources are also estimated. The addition of a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery to any HVAC–DHW system discussed in the paper increases the energy efficiency; however, it decreases the exergy efficiency, which indicates a potential long-term damaging impact on the natural environment. Therefore, the use of a separate mechanical ventilation system in a house should be considered with caution, and recommended only when other means for controlling the indoor air quality cannot be applied. 相似文献
70.
The importance of cellular internalization of antibody-targeted carbon nanotubes in the photothermal ablation of breast cancer cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) convert absorbed near infrared (NIR) light into heat. The use of CNTs in the NIR-mediated photothermal ablation of tumor cells is attractive because the penetration of NIR light through normal tissues is optimal and the side effects are minimal. Targeted thermal ablation with minimal collateral damage can be achieved by using CNTs attached to tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). However, the role that the cellular internalization of CNTs plays in the subsequent sensitivity of the target cells to NIR-mediated photothermal ablation remains undefined. To address this issue, we used CNTs covalently coupled to an anti-Her2 or a control MAb and tested their ability to bind, internalize, and photothermally ablate Her2(+) but not Her2(-) breast cancer cell lines. Using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and confocal Raman microscopy, we observed the gradual time-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis of anti-Her2-CNTs whereas a control MAb-CNT conjugate did not bind to the cells. Most importantly, the Her2(+) cells that internalized the MAb-CNTs were more sensitive to NIR-mediated photothermal damage than cells that could bind to, but not internalize the MAb-CNTs. These results suggest that both the targeting and internalization of MAb-CNTs might result in the most effective thermal ablation of tumor cells following their exposure to NIR light. 相似文献