Magnetic anisotropy of Co-Cr thin films as a function of substrate temperature during deposition

A sequence of Co78Cr22films, 500 nm in thickness, was prepared by deposition on glass in a modified Varian D.C. magnetron S-gun sputtering system. The substrate temperature during deposition, Ts, was fixed at various values with an upper limit of 300°C. Specimens were examined by VSM, TM, FMR and TEM. Msrises significantly with increasing Ts, peaking at 200°C at 370 emu/cm³. The effective volume-averaged anisotropy drops for Ts>110°C from +1.6 KOe to progressively negative values (-4.3 KOe at 300°C). From FMR we find indications of the presence, in addition to the transition and bulk layers, of a highly negative anisotropy constituent (sim-11.5KOe anisotropy field). This resonance appears at Tsvalues of 150°C and above. TEM plane and cross-section views taken on a Ts= 150°C specimen show islands composed of tilted columns within the bulk. For vertical recording, specimens prepared at Tsvalues between 50 and 100°C are recommended. On the other hand, for longitudinal recording applications, films prepared at Tsvalues above 250°C would seem to be appropriate.     

The organisational learning effects of management accounting information under advanced manufacturing technology

This study empirically examined the organisational learning effects of the nonfinancial performance information provided by management accounting information systems (MAISs) under advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). In this study, a target costing system and the frequent and quick reporting of information were considered the facilitators of learning. First, we examined the relationships between AMT level and the amount of nonfinancial performance information produced by MAISs. The empirical results showed that there are significant positive relationships between the level of AMT and nonfinancial performance information. With a systems approach, we also proved the impact of the relationships among AMT levels, nonfinancial performance information and learning facilitators on the organisational performance of a firm. The results of our research suggest that under a high level of AMT, for the provision of information to result in an increase of performance through organisational learning, a target costing system must be introduced and a large amount of information should be provided frequently and quickly. The results of this study also showed that although AMT level may be low, fairly well-arranged facilitators and a moderately large amount of information may be necessary for the improvement of performance. In conclusion, effective organisational learning depends on the provision of relevant information as well as efficient learning support mechanisms.     

High-voltage bridge for measuring spontaneous polarization,dielectric constants,and conductivity of ferroelectric crystals

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 34–35, September, 1989.     

Investigation of the action of flame retardants in cellulose. I. Investigation of the flame retardant action of 2,2′-oxybis(5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2,2′-disulfide) in cellulose

Pyrolysis experiments were performed in high vacuum and under reduced air pressure (100 Pa). The volatile products of pure cellulose and cellulose containing various amounts of flame retardant 2,2′-oxybis (5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2,2′-disulfide), i.e., Sandoflam 5060 of Sandoz AG, were studied by means of gas chromatography in combination with mass spectroscopy. The volatile products were characterized with infrared spectroscopy. The studied revealed that the incorporation of the flame retardant enhanced the water release and shifted the onset of this reaction to lower temperature. On the basis of these findings an explanation for the mechanism of flame retardancy in generated cellulose fibers modified with this particular flame retardant is attempted. From experiments with different residual air pressure the influence of oxygen on the primary processes of the pyrolytic degradation of cellulose is being discussed.     

Primary hydration of poly(acrylic acid) sodium salts

Summary The equilibrium water contents of linear poly(acrylic acid) sodium salts with different degrees of neutralisation were found to be dependent on temperature and relative humidity. An octahedral model for the primary hydration of poly(acrylic acid) sodium salts (HIRAOKA and YOKOYAMA 1980) was critically evaluated in the light of these findings and an anomaly in the water uptake versus neutralisation curve at approximately 33% neutralisation was explained by the counterion condensation theory. (MANNING 1979).