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91.
Raphael Geiger Rainer Perren Roland Kuenzli Felix Escher 《Journal of food science》2005,70(2):E124-E130
ABSTRACT: Evolution of carbon dioxide and water vapor during roasting of coffee was followed in an isothermal high-temperature short-time and a low-temperature long-time roasting process. In addition, CO2 release during storage of roasted beans was followed. CO2 and water vapor concentration were assayed in the exhaust air by nondispersive infrared gas analysis. Although CO2 evolution rates differed in the 2 processes, the final total amount of CO2 released after 63 d of storage remained equal. CO2 evolution and differentiation between evaporation of initial water and chemically formed water showed that chemical reactions leading to relevant amounts of CO2 and water start at ap -proximately 180°C. A mass balance established on the present measurements was able to account fairly well for the gravimetrically measured roast loss. 相似文献
92.
Donglin Bai Jiayi Wang Tianhe Li Ryan Chan Mena Atalla Robert C. Chen Mohammad T. Khazaneh Raphael J. An Peter B. Stathopulos 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(15)
Twenty-one human genes encode connexins, a family of homologous proteins making gap junction (GJ) channels, which mediate direct intercellular communication to synchronize tissue/organ activities. Genetic variants in more than half of the connexin genes are associated with dozens of different Mendelian inherited diseases. With rapid advances in DNA sequencing technology, more variants are being identified not only in families and individuals with diseases but also in people in the general population without any apparent linkage to Mendelian inherited diseases. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to classify the pathogenicity of a newly identified connexin variant. Here, we analyzed the disease- and Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD, as a proxy of the general population)-linked variants in the coding region of the four disease-linked α connexin genes. We found that the most abundant and position-sensitive missense variants showed distinct domain distribution preference between disease- and gnomAD-linked variants. Plotting missense variants on topological and structural models revealed that disease-linked missense variants are highly enriched on the structurally stable/resolved domains, especially the pore-lining domains, while the gnomAD-linked missense variants are highly enriched in the structurally unstable/unresolved domains, especially the carboxyl terminus. In addition, disease-linked variants tend to be on highly conserved residues and those positions show evolutionary co-variation, while the gnomAD-linked missense variants are likely on less conserved residue positions and on positions without co-variation. Collectively, the revealed distribution patterns of disease- and gnomAD-linked missense variants further our understanding of the GJ structure–biological function relationship, which is valuable for classifying the pathogenicity of newly identified connexin variants. 相似文献
93.
Felix Weinberg Fred Carleton Raphael Houdmont Derek Dunn-Rankin Sunny Karnani 《Combustion and Flame》2011,158(2):273-280
Following a recent investigation into chemi-ionization and chemiluminescence during gradual aeration of small, laminar methane flames, we proposed that partial oxidation products, or syngas constituents, formed in the pre-flame zone well below the luminous region, were responsible for the observed effects. We therefore map temperature, CO, and H2 for geometries and conditions relevant to burners in domestic boiler systems, to assess the potential hazard of CO release into the ambient atmosphere, should any partial quenching occur. CO concentrations peaks of 5.5 volume % are recorded in the core surrounding the axis. Appreciable CO concentrations are also found in the absence of added air. Experiments on various burner port geometries and temperatures suggest that this is not due to air entrainment at the flame base but to diffusion from zones closer to the flame. Next, quenching surfaces such as grids, perforated plates and flame trap matrices of different metals are progressively lowered into the flame. To avoid flow line distortion, suction aspirates the quenched products. The highest emission rate occurs with the quenching plane some 4 mm above the burner; further lowering of the quenching surface causes flame extinction. The maximum CO release is close to converting 10% of the CH4 feed, with some variation with quenching material. Expressing this potential release in terms of, e.g. boiler power, predicts a potentially serious hazard. Results of numerical simulations adequately parallel the experimental sampling profiles and provide insights into local concentrations, as well as the spatially resolved CO flux, which is calculated for a parabolic inlet flow profile. Integration across the stream implies, on the basis of the simulation, a possible tripling of the experimental CO release, were quenching simply to release the local gas composition into the atmosphere. Comparison with experiment suggests some chemical interaction with the quenching surface. 相似文献
94.
Electrochemical characterization of electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries based on lithium difluoromono(oxalato)borate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sandra ZugmannDominik Moosbauer Marius AmerellerChristian Schreiner Franz WudyRené Schmitz Raphael SchmitzPhilipp Isken Christian DippelRomek Müller Miriam KunzeAlexandra Lex-Balducci Martin WinterHeiner Jakob Gores 《Journal of power sources》2011,196(3):1417-1424
The salt lithium difluoromono(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) showed some promising results for lithium-ion-cells. It was synthesized via a new synthetic route that avoids chloride impurities. Here we report the properties of its solutions (solvent blend ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (3:7, mass ratio), including its conductivity, cationic transference number, hydrolysis, Al-current collector corrosion-protection ability and its cycling performance with some electrode materials. Some Al-corrosion studies were also performed with the help of our recently developed computer controlled impedance scanning electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) that proofed to be a useful tool for battery material investigations. 相似文献
95.
Sarah Katharina Gaßmeyer Hiroyuki Yoshikawa Junichi Enoki Nadine Hülsemann Prof. Raphael Stoll Prof. Dr. Kenji Miyamoto Prof. Dr. Robert Kourist 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2015,16(13):1943-1949
Structure‐guided protein engineering achieved a variant of the unique racemase AMDase G74C, with 40‐fold increased activity in the racemisation of several arylaliphatic carboxylic acids. Substrate binding during catalysis was investigated by saturation‐transfer‐difference NMR (STD‐NMR) spectroscopy. All atoms of the substrate showed interactions with the enzyme. STD‐NMR measurements revealed distinct nuclear Overhauser effects in experiments with and without molecular conversion. The spectroscopic analysis led to the identification of several amino acid residues whose substitutions increased the activity of G74C. Single amino acid exchanges increased the activity moderately; structure‐guided saturation mutagenesis yielded a quadruple mutant with a 40 times higher reaction rate. This study presents STD‐NMR as versatile tool for the analysis of enzyme–substrate interactions in catalytically competent systems and for the guidance of protein engineering. 相似文献
96.
Buhari Adamu Muhammad Ooi Chee-Pun Baskaran Vishnu Monn Phan Raphael CW Wong KokSheik Tan Wooi-Haw 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2022,81(7):9151-9176
Multimedia Tools and Applications - The interest in real-time micro-expression recognition has increased with the current trend in human-computer interaction applications. Presently, there are... 相似文献
97.
Adrian Krzyzanowski Dr. Raphael Gasper Dr. Hélène Adihou Dr. Peter 't Hart Prof. Dr. Herbert Waldmann 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(11):1908-1914
The PRMT5–MEP50 methyltransferase complex plays a key role in various cancers and is regulated by different protein–protein interactions. Several proteins have been reported to act as adaptor proteins that recruit substrate proteins to the active site of PRMT5 for the methylation of arginine residues. To define the interaction between these adaptor proteins and PRMT5, we employed peptide truncation and mutation studies and prepared truncated protein constructs. We report the characterisation of the interface between the TIM barrel of PRMT5 and the adaptor proteins pICln, RioK1 and COPR5, and identify the consensus amino acid sequence GQF[D/E]DA[E/D] involved in binding. Protein crystallography revealed that the RioK1 derived peptide interacts with a novel PPI site. 相似文献
98.
Raphael Rodrigues Corrêa Estela Mancheo Juncosa Rosalinde Masereeuw Rafael Soares Lindoso 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as important mediators of cell communication, regulating several physiological processes, including tissue recovery and regeneration. In the kidneys, EVs derived from stem cells have been shown to support tissue recovery in diverse disease models and have been considered an interesting alternative to cell therapy. For this purpose, however, several challenges remain to be overcome, such as the requirement of a high number of EVs for human therapy and the need for optimization of techniques for their isolation and characterization. Moreover, the kidney’s complexity and the pathological process to be treated require that EVs present a heterogeneous group of molecules to be delivered. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the use of EVs as a therapeutic tool for kidney diseases. Moreover, we give an overview of the new technologies applied to improve EVs’ efficacy, such as novel methods of EV production and isolation by means of bioreactors and microfluidics, bioengineering the EV content and the use of alternative cell sources, including kidney organoids, to support their transfer to clinical applications. 相似文献
99.
Castro Mateus B. Souza Raphael R. N. Junior Agord M. P. Lima Eduardo R. Manera Leandro T. 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2021,109(3):647-656
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing - This paper presents the complete design of a phase locked loop-based clock synthesizer for reconfigurable analog-to-digital converters. The... 相似文献
100.
Tsuchiya Letícia Diniz Braga Lucas Fiorini de Faria Oliveira Otávio de Bettio Raphael Winckler Greghi Juliana Galvani Freire André Pimenta 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2021,25(2):281-295
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing - This article presents a study concerning the evaluation of a smart home control system for elderly people with a sample of 10 users in a city in the interior of... 相似文献