基于条件随机场与时间词库的中文时间表达式识别

该文提出一种统计与规则相结合的时间表达式识别方法。首先,通过分析中文文本中时间表达式的词形、词性和上下文信息,采用条件随机场识别时间单元而非时间表达式整体,避免了中文时间表达式边界定位不准确的问题;然后,从训练语料中自动获取候选触发词,并依据评价函数对候选触发词打分,筛选出正确的触发词完善触发词库;最后,根据时间触发词库与时间缀词库,制定规则对时间表达式边界进行定位。实验结果显示开式测试F1值达到98.31%。     

Plant Cyanogenesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaseolus lunatus</Emphasis> and its Relevance for Herbivore–Plant Interaction: The Importance of Quantitative Data

Quantitative experimental results on the antiherbivorous effect of cyanogenesis are rare. In our analyses, we distinguished between the total amount of cyanide-containing compounds stored in a given tissue [cyanogenic potential (HCNp)] and the capacity for release of HCN per unit time (HCNc) from these cyanogenic precursors as a reaction to herbivory. We analyzed the impact of these cyanogenic features on herbivorous insects using different accessions of lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) with different cyanogenic characteristics in their leaves and fourth instars of the generalist herbivore Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Young leaves exhibit a higher HCNp and HCNc than mature leaves. This ontogenetic variability of cyanogenesis was valid for all accessions studied. In no-choice bioassays, feeding of S. gregaria was reduced on high cyanogenic lima beans compared with low cyanogenic beans. A HCNp of about 15 μmol cyanide/g leaf (fresh weight) with a corresponding HCNc of about 1 μmol HCN released from leaf material within the first 10 min after complete tissue disintegration appears to be a threshold at which the first repellent effects on S. gregaria were observed. The repellent effect of cyanogenesis increased above these thresholds of HCNp and HCNc. No repellent action of cyanogenesis was observed on plants with lower HCNp and HCNc. These low cyanogenic accessions of P. lunatus were consumed extensively—with dramatic consequences for the herbivore. After consumption, locusts showed severe symptoms of intoxication. Choice assays confirmed the feeding preference of locusts for low over high cyanogenic leaf material of P. lunatus. The bioassays revealed total losses of HCN between 90 and 99% related to the estimated amount of ingested cyanide-containing compounds by the locusts. This general finding was independent of the cyanogenic status (high or low) of the leaf material.     

模因论视角下的中国文化传承

文化传承是关乎一个民族生死存亡的大事.由于受全球化、现代化以及某些历史因素的影响,民族文化传承面临着前所未有的冲击和挑战.以模因论为理论基础,从教育、对内和对外传播以及跨文化交流三个方面探讨了其对中国文化传承的启示.     

A FRACTOGRAPHIC STUDY OF AN OVERHEATED MEDIUM CARBON NiCrMo STEEL

利用扫描电镜研究了中碳NiCrMo钢过热断口(石状断口)的微观形态。观察结果表明,过热的石状断口为沿晶塑坑断裂。过热断口上的MnS夹杂的形态及大小变化很大,在同一个石状颗粒的各个表面上可以表现大不相同。在断口上有时直接观察到MnS夹杂的魏氏析出特征,即硫化物夹杂以极为弥散的形式均匀地析出在高温奥氏体的{100}晶面上。对各种形态的硫化物夹杂可能的形成原因及其控制因素进行了讨论。     

Ca15(CBN)6(C2)2O- a new cubic structure type containing CBN-anions together with acetylide and oxo anions

Ca₁₅(CBN)₆(C₂)₂O contains CBN⁴⁻ anions as well as C₂⁻ units and isolated O²⁻ anions. The compound is obtained by heating a stoichiometric mixture of CaO, C and BN with an excess of Ca in sealed niobium ampoules to 1270 K. It crystallizes in the space group Ia d with a = 1656.84(9) pm. Preparation, crystal structure, NMR and IR-spectroscopic properties are discussed.     

中文模糊限制语语料库的研究与构建

模糊限制语常用来表示不确定性和可能性的含义,由模糊限制语所引导的信息为模糊限制信息。为进行中文事实信息的抽取,应将模糊限制信息与事实信息区分开来。然而中文模糊限制语语料资源却十分缺乏,影响了中文模糊限制语和模糊限制信息检测的研究。该文研究了中文模糊限制语的分类,并在生物医学和维基百科两个领域,设计构建了一个具有2.4万句规模的中文模糊限制语语料库。统计分析了语料标注的一致性,以及模糊限制语的类型和领域之间的关系。这些资源对于中文模糊限制信息检测研究,以及中文事实信息的抽取具有重要意义。同时,为语言学家从语义和语用等方面进行模糊限制语的研究提供了强大的知识库支持。     

中文微博观点句识别及要素抽取研究

研究中文微博情感分析中的观点句识别及要素抽取问题。在观点句识别方面,提出了一种利用微博中的情感词和 情感影响因子计算微博语义情感倾向的新算法;在观点句要素抽取方面,利用主题词分类及关联规则,辅以一系列剪枝、筛选和定界规则抽取评价对象。通过观点句识别和观点句要素抽取结果的相互过滤,进一步提高召回率。实验数据采用第六届中文倾向性分析评测所发布的数据,结果表明,本文方法在观点句识别和要素抽取方面能够取得较好的效果,观点句识别的精确率、召回率入F值分别为95.62%,54.10%及69.10%;观点句要素抽取的精确率、召回率以及F值分别为22.07%,12.66%和16.09%。     

Context Aware Terrain Visualization for Wayfinding and Navigation

To assist wayfinding and navigation, the display of maps and driving directions on mobile devices is nowadays commonplace. While existing system can naturally exploit GPS information to facilitate orientation, the inherently limited screen space is often perceived as a drawback compared to traditional street maps as it constrains the perception of contextual information. Moreover, occlusion issues add to this problem if the environment is shown from the popular egocentric perspective. In this paper we describe an interactive visualization system that addresses these problems by reallocating the available screen space. At the heart of our system are three novel visualization techniques: First, we propose a non‐standard perspective that allows to blend between the familiar pedestrian perspective and a standard map depiction with reduced occlusion. Second, we derive an efficient deformation technique that allows an interactive allocation of screen space to areas of interest like e.g. nearby touristic attractions. Finally, a path adaptive isometric perspective is proposed that reveals otherwise hidden facades in top‐down views. We describe efficient implementations of all techniques and exemplify our interactive system on real world urban models.