Image recoloring using specular decomposition and in-painting

ABSTRACT

Image recoloring using wavelet transform, in-painting and dichromatic reflection model is proposed. Detailed wavelet bands are passed through a sharpening filter whereas the approximation band is passed through dichromatic reflection model to extract body and specular coefficients. In-painting and white illumination minimization using erosion and Gaussian blur further enhance the image quality. The proposed technique produces better results, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in terms of edge preservation and minimization of noise, artefacts in contrast to state-of-art existing techniques.     

Performance of Tukey's and Individual/Moving Range Control Charts

This paper compares two control charts: Tukey (TCC) and individual/moving range (XmR) control charts. Both are designed to examine single observation per time period, but little is known about which one is more efficient and under what conditions. We simulated data from different distributions and examined the performance of the two control charts on these data. Performance was assessed using the of average run length, extra quadratic loss, median run length, standard deviation run length, performance comparison index, and relative average run length. Overall, TCC was more efficient than XmR, when observations had binomial, Rayleigh, logistic, lognormal, Maxwell, normal, Poisson, Weibull (with α = 10, β = 1), and Student's t (30 and 10 degrees of freedom) distributions. XmR was more efficient when observations had Student's t (with 4 degrees of freedom) and gamma (with α = 4, β = 1) distributions. These results suggest that improvement teams could reach faster conclusions if they use TCC in most common situations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rapid intercalation of sustainable resource‐based linseed oil fatty amide—A polymer precursor in cloisite® 93A by microwave‐assisted method

The present study reports a novel approach for the rapid intercalation of linseed oil‐derived fatty amide (LFA) in organo‐montmorillonite (OMMT)‐Cloisite® 93A. The intercalation of LFA (0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt %) in Cloisite® 93A was carried by varying the microwave irradiation time from 30 to 90 s. X‐ray diffraction studies confirmed that microwave irradiation resulted in higher intercalation in a shorter reaction time. The basal spacings were shifted from 12.34 to 16.45 Å on microwave irradiation for 30 s while exfoliation occurred at and beyond 60 s exposure. Controlled morphology of the nanohybrids was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy analysis on microwave irradiation for 30 s. This biomodified Cloisite® 93A could be used for the preparation of polyesters, polyesteramides, and polyurethanes of controlled morphology for various applications in biomedicine. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

On efficient construction and evaluation of runs rules–based control chart for known and unknown parameters under different distributions

In this study, we have considered two design structures of control chart by covering the situations of known and unknown parameters, variety of probability distributions, and runs rules. The design structures are dependent on constants which generally considered hard to compute analytically. For construction of constants and also for evaluating performance of the design structures through performance measures, we have illustrated Monte Carlo simulation procedure/algorithm for researcher and practitioners. Furthermore, based on the Monte Carlo simulation procedures, we have established a program in R language to compute values of different constants and performance measures. Results illustrated that design structures for known and unknown parameters under variety of runs rules and probability distributions have outstanding performance in contrast to existing structures. Moreover, design structure for unknown parameters behaves alike the design structure for known parameters. This indicates that design structure for unknown parameters has the ability to resolve the issue of runs rules which generally occur when parameters are estimated. Besides, two real‐life examples have been included in which physicochemical characteristic of groundwater and plasticizer characteristic of petrochemical process are monitored through design structures.     

An improved control chart structure for process location parameter

The article proposes a Shewhart‐type control chart, namely M_t chart, for an improved monitoring of the mean level of a quality characteristic of interest, say Y, in a process. The proposed control chart uses the information on a single auxiliary characteristic, say X, of the process and is based on product–difference‐type estimator, say M_t (in fact the spirit is to pool different styles of using information on auxiliary variable(s)). Assuming bivariate normality of the characteristic of interest Y and the auxiliary characteristic X, design structure of the proposed M_t chart is developed and its comparisons are made with those of some existing control charts used for the same purposes. The comparisons reveal an improved performance of the proposed M_t chart relative to its existing counterparts due to suggested merger of different approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measuring the tribological performance of all the tappets in a production engine using magnetometer sensors and the effect of lubricant rheology

Tappet rotation is one of the key tribological parameters that play an important role in component wear. Lack of available techniques has discouraged researchers from performing such studies on real production engines. In this research work, a novel experimental technique has been developed that allows the measurement of tappet rotation speed on any engine having direct acting tappets. This unique method does not require any changes or modifications to the components or engine itself. Using this innovative technique, for the first time, all the tappets of a single camshaft have been instrumented, and tappet speed was measured at different operating conditions verifying that not all the tappets behave in the same way. Experimental results clearly showed that all tappets do not respond to the change in lubricant viscosity and the direction of tappet rotation may be one of the factors influencing the performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Memory‐Type Control Charts for Monitoring the Process Dispersion

Control charts have been broadly used for monitoring the process mean and dispersion. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts are memory control charts as they utilize the past information in setting up the control structure. This makes CUSUM and EWMA‐type charts good at detecting small disturbances in the process. This article proposes two new memory control charts for monitoring process dispersion, named as floating T ? S² and floating U ? S² control charts, respectively. The average run length (ARL) performance of the proposed charts is evaluated through a simulation study and is also compared with the CUSUM and EWMA charts for process dispersion. It is found that the proposed charts are better in detecting both positive as well as negative shifts. An additional comparison shows that the floating U ? S² chart has slightly smaller ARLs for larger shifts, while for smaller shifts, the floating T ? S² chart has better performance. An example is also provided which shows the application of the proposed charts on simulated datasets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.