CAFTURE AND RECYCLE OF BYPASSING BUBBLE GAS IN A FLUIDIZED BED: THE “BUBBLE EATER”

The bubble eater is a device which can sense, capture, and recycle bubble gas in a bubbling fluidized bed. The theory describing the enhancement of reactant gas conversion are presented and illustrated by means of a numerical example.     

The Effects of Cyclic Terminal Groups in 4-Aminoazo-benzene and Related Azo Dyes: Part 21—pKa Values of Some Monoazo Dyes Derived from

Basicity values have been determined for series of monoazo dyes incorporating a pyrrolidino or a piperidino moiety. In general, the pK_a value is found to decrease as the donor capacity of the terminal nitrogen atom decreases.The basicities of the 4'-substituted piperidinoazobenzenes decrease as the electron withdrawing strength of the 4'-substituent increases. However, the pK_a values of the related pyrrolidino compounds appear to be insensitive to the substituent.     

THE STICKY ISSUES OF DRYING

Unconrolled agglomeration of particles and adhesion of the particulate mass to wall surfaces are common severe problems in many drying operations. This paper reviews the mechanisms of interparticle and particle-surface attraction as well as the theory and the existing tests for characterising powders in terms of internal strength, wall friction and adhesion. The usefulness of the information obtained from these tests in dryer design and operation is critically reviewed. The importance of powder stickiness in various types of dryers is discussed and established methods of combating the problem are presented Recommendations an made for further research in the area of powder cohesion and adhesion.     

Changes in the dielectric relaxations of water in epoxy resin as a function of the extent of water ingress in carbon fibre composites

Dielectric relaxation measurements are reported over a frequency range from 10⁻¹ to 10⁹ Hz as a function of exposure time for an epoxy resin-carbon fibre composite, ageing at 60 °C in water. Investigation of the nature of the dipole relaxation of the water molecules, indicates the nature of their interaction with the polymer matrix. Analysis of the dielectric relaxation spectra allow identification of processes that can be attributed to ‘free’ and ‘bonded’ water, water in micro-cracking, located in carbon fibre disbonds and plasticizing the polymer matrix. Identification of the various types of location in which water exists was aided by use of the N_g factor from the Kirkwood-Frölich equation, which describes the constraints on free dipole ration nature imposed by the environment in which it is located. These data indicate the power of the dielectric technique for quantitative analysis of water ingress into epoxy composites.     

A GENERALIZED APPROACH TO MODELING THE HIERARCHICAL MAXIMAL COVERING LOCATION PROBLEM WITH REFERRAL

ABSTRACT Several investigators have developed hierarchically structured maximal covering location problems, especially for hierarchies with two levels such as clinics and hospitals: Moore and ReVelle developed and applied a hierarchical covering model to a medical service delivery problem in Houduras; and Church and Falon developed two alternate model forms of hierarchical covering that were applied to a medical services planning, problem in Colombia. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid formulation that encompasses all three of these previous models and which allows for the trade-off of up of four different objectives. This new model formulation is also an improvement in that it has a significantly more efficient and compact structure, even while encompassing a more complete location problem, of which the three previous works are special cases. Example solutions are given for two different data sels involving regions in Colombia and Uganda. In addition, two further model formulations of a closely related nature are presented without computational results.     

An interactive multiple-response simulation optimization method

This study proposes a new interactive multicriteria method for determining the best levels of the decision variables needed to optimize a stochastic computer simulation with multiple response variables. The method, called the Pairwise Comparison Stochastic Cutting Plane (PCSCP) method, combines good features from interactive multiple objective mathematical programming and response surface methodology. The major characteristics of the PCSCP method are: (1) it interacts progressively with the decision-maker (DM) to obtain her preferences, (2) it uses experimental design to explore the decision space adequately while reducing the burden on the DM, and (3) it uses the preference information provided by the DM and the sampling error in the responses to reduce the decision space. The mechanics of the method are illustrated with a numerical example. Some computational studies evaluating the method are also reported.     

Lead-Ion Stability in Soda–Lime Lead Silicate Glasses

Sodium-calcium-lead silicate glass compositions were prepared over a wide compositional range by conventional glass-melting methods. The acid chemical stability of the glass structure was studied by corroding samples of glass in 4% acetic acid solution at 22°C for periods up to 24 h. Lead corrosion stability was evaluated by measuring lead concentrations in the corrosion solution. At short times, parabolic time dependence was observed and the parabolic time coefficients were regressed against composition, yielding a simple additive relationship. A similar model was fitted to 24-h release data, which showed compositional effects similar to the 2-h data. Of the oxides studied, sodium was the most detrimental to durability, and the coefficients of the oxides decreased in the series: Na₂O, PbO, CaO, SiO₂. The effects of the oxides could be partially explained by the number of nonbridging oxygens expected in the glass structure, and the residual effect was attributed to cation characteristics. Small phosphate additions to the glass greatly increased the lead-ion stability under nearly all experimental conditions examined.