Microstructure and texture evolution during the drawing of tungsten wires

Tungsten wires develop during their forming process a pronounced fibre texture that causes anisotropic deformation of single grains. The aim of this work is to simulate the crystallographic texture and microstructure evolution that arises during wire drawing using two different texture models. A visco-plastic self-consistent model that allows simulations using a large number of grains is compared with a crystal plasticity finite element model that provides a more detailed insight into the wire’s microstructure. Texture predictions of both models are discussed and quantitatively compared with experimental texture measurements obtained by neutron diffraction. The developed fibre texture causes plane strain deformation of single grains, which induces grain curling. The prediction of grain curling is of importance because it allows studying the residual stresses that trigger splits, at the grain level.     

Influence of partial replacement of NaCl with KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 on lipolysis and lipid oxidation in dry-cured ham

Sodium intake above nutritional recommendations may involve harmful consequences to health such as the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Dry-cured ham constitutes a product with a relatively large amount of sodium. Thus, to obtain a healthier product for consumers with reduced sodium content, two formulations containing KCl alone (formulation II) or mixed with CaCl2 and MgCl2 (formulation III) have been proposed to partially replace NaCl. Lipolysis and lipid oxidation occurring in hams processed with these formulations have been studied since they have direct influence on the final flavor. No significant differences in acid lipase activity or lipid oxidation were found at the end of the process between the alternative formulations and formulation I (control with 100% NaCl). Differences in some free fatty acids, generated along the processing, were detected among treatments and at the end of dry-curing. Data suggests a slight trend towards a major lipolysis during treatment III.