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71.
A new research frontier for evolutionary 2D image generation is the use of mathematical models of aesthetics, with the goal of automatically evolving aesthetically pleasing images. This paper investigates the application of similar models of aesthetics towards the evolution of 3-dimensional structures. We extend existing models of aesthetics used for image evaluation to the 3D realm, by considering quantifiable properties of surface geometry. Analyses used include entropy, complexity, deviation from normality, 1/f noise, and symmetry. A new 3D L-system implementation promotes accurate analyses of surface features, as well as productive rule sets when used with genetic programming. Multi-objective evaluation reconciles multiple aesthetic criteria. Experiments resulted in the generation of many models that satisfied multiple criteria. A human survey was conducted, and survey takers showed a statistically significant preference for high-fitness highly-evolved models over low-fitness unevolved ones. This research shows that aesthetic evolution of 3D structures is a promising new research area for evolutionary design. 相似文献
72.
An investigation was conducted on the relationship between the internal shear strength of hydrated needle-punched (NP) geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and the interface shear strength between hydrated NP GCLs (nonwoven side) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) textured geomembranes (GMXs). New large-scale direct shear data are presented and compared to previous results obtained using similar materials and procedures. The data indicate that both GCLs and GMX/GCL interfaces display large postpeak strength reduction, even at high normal stress. Peak and large-displacement failure envelopes are nonlinear; except for the GCL internal residual strength envelope, which passes through the origin and has a friction angle of 4.8°. GMX/GCL interfaces can be expected to have lower peak strengths and higher large-displacement strengths than GCL internal shear specimens. However, the failure mode for GMX/GCL specimens can change from interface shear to GCL internal shear as normal stress increases. Design for peak strength conditions should be based on the lowest peak strength interface in a liner system, and design for large displacement conditions should be on the basis of the residual strength of the same interface. 相似文献
73.
Ross D. King Maria Liakata Chuan Lu Stephen G. Oliver Larisa N. Soldatova 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2011,8(63):1440-1448
The reuse of scientific knowledge obtained from one investigation in another investigation is basic to the advance of science. Scientific investigations should therefore be recorded in ways that promote the reuse of the knowledge they generate. The use of logical formalisms to describe scientific knowledge has potential advantages in facilitating such reuse. Here, we propose a formal framework for using logical formalisms to promote reuse. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by using it in a worked example from biology: demonstrating cycles of investigation formalization [F] and reuse [R] to generate new knowledge. We first used logic to formally describe a Robot scientist investigation into yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) functional genomics [f1]. With Robot scientists, unlike human scientists, the production of comprehensive metadata about their investigations is a natural by-product of the way they work. We then demonstrated how this formalism enabled the reuse of the research in investigating yeast phenotypes [r1 = R(f1)]. This investigation found that the removal of non-essential enzymes generally resulted in enhanced growth. The phenotype investigation was then formally described using the same logical formalism as the functional genomics investigation [f2 = F(r1)]. We then demonstrated how this formalism enabled the reuse of the phenotype investigation to investigate yeast systems-biology modelling [r2 = R(f2)]. This investigation found that yeast flux-balance analysis models fail to predict the observed changes in growth. Finally, the systems biology investigation was formalized for reuse in future investigations [f3 = F(r2)]. These cycles of reuse are a model for the general reuse of scientific knowledge. 相似文献
74.
The problem of reconstructing the (otherwise unknown) source and sink field of a tracer in a fluid is studied by developing and testing a simple tracer transport model of a single-level global atmosphere and a dynamic data assimilation system. The source/sink field (taken to be constant over a 10-day assimilation window) and initial tracer field are analysed together by assimilating imperfect tracer observations over the window.Experiments show that useful information about the source/sink field may be determined from relatively few observations when the initial tracer field is known very accurately a-priori, even when a-priori source/sink information is biased (the source/sink a-priori is set to zero). In this case each observation provides information about the source/sink field at positions upstream and the assimilation of many observations together can reasonably determine the location and strength of a test source. 相似文献
75.
Yingping Huang Ross McMurran Mark Amor-Segan Gunwant Dhadyalla R. Peter Jones Peter Bennett Alexandros Mouzakitis Jan Kieloch 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2010,51(1-4):233-246
A current premium vehicle is implemented with a variety of information, entertainment, and communication functions, which are generally referred as an infotainment system. During vehicle development, testing of the infotainment system at an overall level is conventionally carried out manually by an expert who can observe at a customer level. This approach has significant limitations with regard to test coverage and effectiveness due to the complexity of the system functions and human’s capability. Hence, it is highly demanded by car manufacturers for an automated infotainment testing system, which replicates a human expert encompassing relevant sensory modalities relating to control (i.e., touch) and observation (i.e., sight and sound) of the system under test. This paper describes the design, development, and evaluation of such a system that consists of simulation of vehicle network, vision-based inspection, automated navigation of features, random cranking waveform generation, sound detection, and test automation. The system developed is able to: stimulate a vehicle system across a wide variety of initialisation conditions, exercise each function, check for system responses, and record failure situations for post-testing analysis. 相似文献
76.
Jan-Bernd Hövener Eduard Y. Chekmenev Kent C. Harris William H. Perman Thao T. Tran Brian D. Ross Pratip Bhattacharya 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2009,22(2):123-134
Object Define MR quality assurance procedures for maximal PASADENA hyperpolarization of a biological 13C molecular imaging reagent.
Materials and methods An automated PASADENA polarizer and a parahydrogen generator were installed. 13C enriched hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1-13C, 2,3,3-d3 (HEA), was converted to hyperpolarized hydroxyethyl propionate, 1-13C, 2,3,3-d3 (HEP) and fumaric acid, 1-13C, 2,3-d2 (FUM) to hyperpolarized succinic acid, 1-13C, 2,3-d2 (SUC), by reaction with parahydrogen and norbornadiene rhodium catalyst. Incremental optimization of successive steps in
PASADENA was implemented. MR spectra and in vivo images of hyperpolarized 13C imaging agents were acquired at 1.5 and 4.7 T.
Results Application of quality assurance (QA) criteria resulted in incremental optimization of the individual steps in PASADENA implementation.
Optimal hyperpolarization of HEP of P = 20% was achieved by calibration of the NMR unit of the polarizer (B
0 field strength ± 0.002 mT). Mean hyperpolarization of SUC, P = [15.3 ± 1.9]% (N = 16) in D
2O, and P = [12.8 ± 3.1]% (N = 12) in H
2O, was achieved every 5–8 min (range 13–20%). An in vivo 13C succinate image of a rat was produced.
Conclusion PASADENA spin hyperpolarization of SUC to 15.3% in average was demonstrated (37,400 fold signal enhancement at 4.7 T). The
biological fate of 13C succinate, a normally occurring cellular intermediate, might be monitored with enhanced sensitivity. 相似文献
77.
Nantharak Rodkate Boonjira Rutnakornpituk Uthai Wichai Gareth Ross Metha Rutnakornpituk 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2015,132(8)
Thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAAm)) and pH‐responsive poly(N,N′‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (poly(DEAEMA)) polymers were grafted to carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) via radical polymerization to form highly water swellable hydrogels with dual responsive properties. Ratios of CMC, NIPAAm to DEAEMA used in the reactions were finely adjusted such that the thermo and pH responsiveness of the hydrogels was retained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the formation of an internal porous structure for the swollen CMC hydrogels upon incorporation of poly(NIPAAm) and poly(DEAEMA). Effect of temperature and pH changes on water swelling properties of the hydrogels was investigated. It was found that the water swelling of the hydrogels was enhanced when the solution pH was under basic conditions (pH 11) or the temperature was below its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). These responsive properties can be used to regulate releasing rate of an entrapped drug from the hydrogels, a model drug, indomethacin was used to demonstrate the release. These smart and nontoxic CMC‐based hydrogels show great potential for use in controlled drug release applications with controllable on‐off switch properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41505. 相似文献
78.
79.
Monitoring Highly Correlated Multivariate Processes Using Hotelling's T2 Statistic: Problems and Possible Solutions 下载免费PDF全文
Ross Sparks 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2015,31(6):1089-1097
Hotelling's T2 statistic is the default control statistic for continuous multivariate data, but there are dangers in applying this statistic without the appropriate level of checks and balances. This paper discusses the potential issues with using the Hotelling's T2 statistic when the quality variable measures are highly correlated and provides some solutions that will help mitigate the risks with applying the Hotelling's T2 control charts in such practical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
80.
Governments use incentive programmes to attract new businesses. Due to limited resources, there are questions about which incentives are most effective. Using establishment data from California, and data on the location of disbursements through two federal programmes, we consider the effectiveness of different programmes in attracting new businesses. We find that the amount of funding through the New Markets Tax Credit programme has a significant impact on business activity but find no evidence of an effect from the Community Development Financial Institutions programme. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of these programmes depends on how they provide assistance. 相似文献