影响弱凝胶体系成胶规律的因素

以聚丙烯酰胺HPAM／Cr3+为例研究了影响弱凝胶体系成胶规律的因素。聚合物的生产工艺或杂质含量对体系的成胶影响很大;提高聚合物浓度、降低聚合物／交联剂质量比,有利于提高体系的成胶速度和成胶强度;适当的矿化度可促进聚合物体系的交联;在45-75℃范围内体系在一定条件下均能稳定成胶;弱凝胶具有一定耐低速剪切能力。用大庆助剂厂生产的聚合物,在聚合物浓度为400mg／L、聚合物／交联剂质量比为201,体系矿化度为2000mg／L,地层温度为65℃的条件下,可形成弱凝胶。     

Performance evaluation of integrated gasification solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine systems including carbon dioxide capture

In this study, system layouts for integrated gasification solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine (IG-SOFC/GT) systems were proposed and their performance was comparatively evaluated. A baseline IGCC was simulated, and the calculation models were validated. Based on the IGCC system, two IG-SOFC/GT system layouts with different SOFC thermal management methods were established, and their performance was analyzed. The IG-SOFC/GT systems were found to produce much higher power and better efficiency than the IGCC. With regard to SOFC thermal management, the exit gas recirculation scheme showed better performance than the cathode heat exchange scheme. The impact of CO₂ capture was investigated in both the IGCC and IG-SOFC/GT systems, and the penalties in power output and efficiency due to pre-combustion CO₂ capture were found to be milder in the IG-SOFC/GT systems than in the IGCC. An IG-SOFC/GT system adopting oxy-combustion-based CO₂ capture was proposed, and its thermal efficiency was predicted to be sensibly higher than the system with pre-combustion CO₂ capture. Its net power output was predicted to be less than that of the system with pre-combustion technology, but was still much larger than that of the IGCC with pre-combustion CO₂ capture.     

华北油田科技信息管理探索与创新

"十二五"以来,中国石油华北油田公司积极贯彻执行集团公司工作部署,始终把科技创新放在公司全局发展的核心位置,全面实施创新驱动发展战略,持续深化科技体制改革,"四位一体"科技管理层级架构日趋完善,"统一攻关方向、统一科研力量、统一科技投入、统一科研支撑"为特征的"四统一"大科研体系日渐成熟;围绕持续增储、高效建产、精细开发和煤层气高效开发四大工程,强化重大科技专项攻关,使华北油田近几年储量增长和产量稳中有升;践行信息化工业化深度融合,大力推进智慧油田建设,智慧油田建设已经成为华北油田提质增效和转型升级的重要举措;加快科技成果转化,促进科技成果的产业化发展;加强科技人才管理,逐步形成了符合公司发展的人才培养使用机制,为华北油田有质量有效益可持续发展提供了强力支撑。     

绘制工艺流程图中块的创建方法

以温度控制计为例,论述了工艺流程图中反复使用的图形,在AutoCAD绘图中可以创建为块,并添加属性。针对各种类似的图形,将这些图形合理的制作为块,可以节省大量时间、加快绘图速度、提高绘图的准确性。     

毛细管压力对凝析气相态的影响

凝析油气体系和储层多孔介质是一个相互作用的系统,考虑多孔介质界面现象对凝析气相态规律和渗流规律的影响,能更真实地反映凝析气在储层多孔介质中的相态特征和渗流特征,特别是低渗透凝析气藏,更不能忽略毛细管压力对凝析气相态的影响。建立了考虑毛管力的凝析气相态计算模型,利用SPE 21428的流体组成研究了毛管力对凝析气露点及反凝析进程的影响。研究认为,毛管力和界面张力决定毛管力对凝析气相态影响的强弱,当孔隙半径达到10-8m数量级时,毛管力对凝析气露点及反凝析进程的影响十分显著。     

储层裂缝描述与预测研究进展

在多年裂缝研究实践的基础上,结合国内外裂缝研究的相关成果,简要分析了储层裂缝研究存在的问题、目前的研究现状和发展趋势,分析总结了储层裂缝研究的基本思路,提出了储层裂缝研究的时间序列、并扼要介绍了储层裂缝描述和预测的主要技术方法。     

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在城市内建设CNG汽车加气站成本高，合理布局CNG汽车加气站至关重要。结合技术经济学和交通系统分析的观点，探讨了公交车和出租车不同的加气行为，提出了CNG汽车加气选站时应遵循的5项原则或假设，并根据最短路径理论建立了加气站和车站车源分配模型。通过对加气站车辆来源及售气情况的计算，得到加气站负荷率、投资回收期、加气行驶里程等3类评价指标，对加气站布点选址与整体经济性进行了评价分析。编制了城市CNG汽车加气站布点计算机辅助选址评价软件，对城市新增加气站布点的合理性进行了预测检验，能满足用户对加气站的时空分布要求，为拟建城市加气站布点规划提供了参考。     

地震时海底悬跨管道动力特性试验研究

铺设在地震活跃区域的海底管道可能在地震荷载作用下发生破坏。利用水下振动台研究了海底悬跨管线在地震作用下的动力反应。试验中考虑了地震波输入方向、管道端部支撑情况、悬跨高度、悬跨长度和管内是否有水等因素。完成了这些因素组合的120组试验，得到海底悬跨管道动力响应特性。试验结果表明水中管道与陆地悬空管道的动力反应存在明显差别；悬跨长度是控制管道反应的关键，水平地震输入对管道反应起控制作用，海底悬跨管道在地震作用下的反应与受波和流作用下的反应也存在差别。     

Design and optimization of a single stage centrifugal compressor for a solar dish-Brayton system

According to the requirements of a solar dish-Brayton system,a centrifugal compressor stage with a minimum total pressure ratio of 5,an adiabatic efficiency above 75% and a surge margin more than 12% needs to be designed.A single stage,which consists of impeller,radial vaned diffuser,90° crossover and two rows of axial stators,was chosen to satisfy this system.To achieve the stage performance,an impeller with a 6:1 total pressure ratio and an adiabatic efficiency of 90% was designed and its preliminary geometry came from an in-house one-dimensional program.Radial vaned diffuser was applied downstream of the impeller.Two rows of axial stators after 90° crossover were added to guide the flow into axial direction.Since jet-wake flow,shockwave and boundary layer separation coexisted in the impeller-diffuser region,optimization on the radius ratio of radial diffuser vane inlet to impeller exit,diffuser vane inlet blade angle and number of diffuser vanes was carried out at design point.Finally,an optimized centrifugal compressor stage fulfilled the high expectations and presented proper performance.Numerical simulation showed that at design point the stage adiabatic efficiency was 79.93% and the total pressure ratio was 5.6.The surge margin was 15%.The performance map including 80%,90% and 100% design speed was also presented.     

Application of geothermal absorption air-conditioning system: A case study

Possible applications of geothermal energy are increasingly attracting worldwide interest as a low carbon source of energy. Sedimentary basins offer an accessible low grade geothermal heat source to launch energetically efficient air-conditioning systems. The natural temperature, porosity and permeability of these sedimentary basins may be sufficient to provide usable geothermal power for heat-driven sorption air-conditioning system. In the Perth metropolitan region, hot sedimentary aquifers with temperatures between 70 and 100 °C are generally available at around 3 km depth or shallower. This paper outlines the possible application of a large scale geothermal absorption air-conditioning system to provide baseload cooling to the main campus of the University of Western Australia (UWA). The conceptual design of this system is proposed. The design considerations and the performance outcomes are presented. The economic analysis based on the real-time cooling load profile at the UWA and the chiller operation scheme demonstrates the viablity of geothermal absorption air-conditioning system. This paper will help engineers appreciate the opportunities and barriers to geothermal applications, the latest developments and how this technology may help to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.