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41.
Abstracts are not published in this journal
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
42.
BRIJESH KUMAR TIWARI R. JAGAN MOHAN B.S. VASAN 《Journal of Food Processing and Preservation》2008,32(4):610-620
Black gram is mainly used after dehulling. Various types of premilling treatments are applied for proper dehulling. In this study, premilling treatments such as the dry method, chemical and hydrothermal treatments were carried out. It was found that premilling treatments with certain chemicals such as sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid and alcohol were found effective in dehulling black gram. Several vegetable oils at varying concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0%) were used; it was found that 0.6% was optimal, except that sesame oil was effective even at 0.2%. Oil treatment gave dhal suitable for use in many traditional products. Although chemicals were effective, they had to be used at relatively high concentrations of approximately 5%. It was also found that a steaming time of 10–15 min was adequate to loosen the hull, resulting in easy dehulling. It was concluded that hydrothermal treatment could be used for dehulling black gram. However, hydrothermally pretreated dhal was not suitable for fermented products, in which case a conventional oil pretreatment method should be used with sesame oil preferred.
This study shows the effects of different premilling treatments on dehulling black gram. Black gram dehulling efficiency can be enhanced by premilling treatments such as dry method, chemical method or hydrothermal treatment. For practical application, it is important to give due consideration to the end product use of dehulled black gram. Hydrothermal treatment for 10 min is suitable for dehulling black gram if the finished product is used for nonfermented products, and dry method with sesame oil concentration of 0.4% w/w would suit both fermented as well as nonfermented products. This study could be used by black gram processors for optimizing process conditions and premilling treatment. 相似文献
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
This study shows the effects of different premilling treatments on dehulling black gram. Black gram dehulling efficiency can be enhanced by premilling treatments such as dry method, chemical method or hydrothermal treatment. For practical application, it is important to give due consideration to the end product use of dehulled black gram. Hydrothermal treatment for 10 min is suitable for dehulling black gram if the finished product is used for nonfermented products, and dry method with sesame oil concentration of 0.4% w/w would suit both fermented as well as nonfermented products. This study could be used by black gram processors for optimizing process conditions and premilling treatment. 相似文献
43.
M. V. RADHIKA RAO A. M. UMARJI Y. KUMAR K. K. JAIN E. S. RAJAGOPAL 《Journal of Materials Science Letters》1997,16(2):122-125
Abstracts are not published in this journal 相似文献
44.
ARUP DASGUPTA AKASH SINGH PRADYUMNA KUMAR PARIDA R RAMASESHAN P KUPPUSAMI S SAROJA M VIJAYALAKSHMI 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2011,34(3):483-489
The growth characteristics of titanium films deposited on glass, silicon (100) and oxygen free high purity copper substrate
using magnetron sputtering have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and scratch indentation techniques.
The study of interface between the titanium film and the substrate was carried out to determine coating thickness, as well
as intermixing of the elements at the interface. Studies revealed that the interface is free from voids and intermixing of
the film and the substrate. Microstructural and diffraction analysis showed that the Ti coating was polycrystalline and exhibited
columnar growth. The Ti crystallite size varied between 24 and 58 nm depending on the substrate. The thickness of the films
were typically about 4 μm. Scratch test indicated that the films are adherent and the first critical load to failure was observed
to be 4·5 N ± 2 N. 相似文献
45.
46.
In this paper, dynamically balanced gait generation problem of a 7-DOF two-legged robot moving up and down through the sloping
surface is presented. The gait of the lower links during locomotion is obtained after assuming suitable trajectories for the
swing leg and hip joint. The trunk motion is initially generated based on the concept of static balance, which is different
from the well-known semi-inverse method and then checked for its dynamic balance calculated using the concept of Zero-Moment
Point (ZMP). Lagrange–Euler formulation is attempted for the determination of joint torques. Average power consumption at
each joint is then determined based on the computed torques. Moreover, the variations of dynamic balance margin and average
power consumption are studied for both ascending and descending through the sloping surface. Both of them are found to be
more for the ascending gait generation compared to those for the descending case. The effects of variations of the slope have
also been studied on the average dynamic balance margin and power consumption for both the cases. 相似文献
47.
DHIRAJ K NANDA SUDHIR K TOMAR RAMESHWAR SINGH GORAKH MAL PRASHANT SINGH DILIP K ARORA B K JOSHI REETI CHAUDHARY DINESH KUMAR 《International Journal of Dairy Technology》2011,64(3):437-443
Thirty‐two Lactobacilli strains were isolated from four samples of camel cheese collected from Bikaner, India. These isolates were identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Sequencing of 16S rDNA was performed for species identification and diversity analysis. Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lb. fermentum were found to be dominant species followed by Lb. plantarum and Lb. casei. On evaluation of technological properties of these isolates, 20 isolates were observed to be good acid producers, eight were found positive for citrate utilisation and 11 showed presence of Prtp gene. Isolates obtained can be potential for development of defined strain starter for camel cheese. 相似文献
48.
R. C. KUMAR 《International Journal of Electronics》2013,100(6):689-695
A theory of the space-charge capacitance of a metal-semiconductor contact has been developed by solving the Poisson equation for the space-charge region under zero current condition. The space charge is assumed to consist not only of ionized donors and acceptors but also of electrons and holes. An explicit expression for the space-charge capacitance under those general conditions is given. In an appendix a procedure is outlined whereby the theory could be developed for the case of Fermi statistics with partially ionized donors. 相似文献
49.
In this paper, we consider the fully fuzzy unbalanced transportation problem in which the total availability/production is more than the total demand and propose a method to solve it. Such problems are usually solved by adding a dummy destination. Since the dummy destination has no existence in reality, the excess availability is not transported at all and is held back at one or more origins. The method proposed in this paper gives the additional information that to which of the destination(s) the excess availability be transported for future demand at minimum cost. The advantage of the proposed method over the existing method is that the fuzzy optimal solution obtained does not involve the dummy destination. The method has been illustrated with the help of an example. 相似文献
50.