Variability in the proliferative responsiveness of cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells to alpha-thrombin

alpha-Thrombin, a key enzyme of the coagulation cascade, is also a potent mitogen for many cell types. In the present study, the responsiveness to alpha-thrombin of cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMC) derived from either vein or normal and atherosclerotic arteries was investigated. All HVSMC populations examined responded mitogenically to alpha-thrombin. However, the extent of this response varied between different cell populations. No significant differences were observed between HVSMC derived from vein versus artery or atherosclerotic versus normal tissues. The responsiveness of a specific HVSMC culture to alpha-thrombin was not affected by cell density and remained constant over several passages. Unlike platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), alpha-thrombin did not exhibit any significant chemotactic effects on HVSMC or induce their anchorage independent growth in semi-solid medium. The hypothesis that the observed variability in HVSMC responsiveness to alpha-thrombin is due to the heterogeneity of cultured HVSMC is raised and discussed.     

The growth of ferrite in Fe-C-X alloys: The role of thermodynamics, diffusion, and interfacial conditions

The growth of allotriomorphic ferrite from austenite in Fe-C-X alloys is studied. Two systems have been selected: the Fe-C-Ni system, in which the substitutional alloying element is expected to have a weak interaction with both the C and the moving interface, and the Fe-C-Mo system, in which these interactions are expected to be non-negligible. The ferrite growth kinetics was measured using two types of experiments: classical isothermal heat treatments and decarburization experiments. All of the experimental observations can be quantitatively rationalized using a model that describes an evolution in interfacial conditions from paraequilibrium (PE) to local equilibrium with negligible partitioning (LENP) during growth. This article is based on a presentation made in the “Hillert Symposium on Thermodynamics & Kinetics of Migrating Interfaces in Steels and Other Complex Alloys,” December 2–3, 2004, organized by the The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden.     

Expression, exon-intron organization, and chromosome mapping of the human sodium iodide symporter

The active iodide uptake of the thyroid gland in humans is mediated by the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS). In this report, we show that hNIS expression was detected primarily in thyroid tissue, but also in breast, colon, and ovary tissues. Expression of hNIS is greatly reduced in thyroid tumors compared to normal thyroid tissue. Among tumor tissues, hNIS expression appears to be variable, consistent with the variable response to radioiodide treatment observed for thyroid carcinomas. The coding region of hNIS is interrupted by 14 introns, and the nucleotide sequence of each exon-intron junction is reported. Using this information, an alternatively spliced form of hNIS was identified. Finally, the chromosome location of the hNIS gene was mapped to chromosome 19p.     

Haloperidol and apomorphine differentially affect neuropeptidase activity

The effects of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant vitamin E contained in LDL isolated from control plasma (LDL--) and from plasma preincubated with 0.5 mmol/ml alpha-tocopherol (LDL+) on the proliferation of estrogen-receptor positive (ER+ : ZR-75, T-47-D, MCF-7) and negative (ER--: HBL-100, MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cells were studied. Human skin fibroblasts served as controls. Incubation of plasma with 0.5 mmol/ml alpha-tocopherol resulted in a 3-fold increase of its content and a significant reduction in lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes in LDL. Incubation of fibroblasts or ER+ tumor cells with LDL- or LDL+ had an effect on neither cell proliferation nor on the cellular levels of peroxidation products as compared to control incubations in the absence of LDL. In ER- cells, however, LDL+ stimulated the proliferation, whereas LDL- yielded a cytotoxic effect. Moreover, LDL- supplementation resulted in an increase in the content of hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes. LDL+ supplemented cells exhibited hydroperoxide levels in these tumor cells comparable to the basal levels measured in the absence of LDL. Our data suggested that peroxidation products in LDL are cytotoxic to estrogen-receptor negative breast tumor cells and vitamin E counteracts this effect.