工程监理取费偏低,阻碍监理行业发展

工程监理制在我国建筑市场中，对提高工程质量、控制投资效益起着极其重要的作用，目前我国工程监理行业在低取费的条件下，困难重重，只能维持低水平运行。我们应找出存在的差距，采取相应的措施，适当提高监理取费，使监理行业迅速发展壮大。     

透同光路指示光的CO_2激光器

报导封离型可透同光路指示光的ＣＯ２激光器的研制，并给出了其电流—工作特性曲线。对需可见光作同光路指示的ＣＯ２激光应用整机的开发，开辟了一条新的途径。     

自由空间二维榕树网实现方法

鉴于榕树网在自由空间光子交换网络中具有重要的应用价值,分析了榕树网的特点和4×4二维榕树网的空间拓扑结构,通过偏振光分光棱镜、微闪耀光栅阵列、平面反射镜、半反半透镜和液晶空间光调制器的集成,构建二维的榕树交换网实验模块,利用微闪耀光栅的衍射特性,控制每块微闪耀光栅的周期,以实现入射光信号不同方向的闪耀输出,最终完成二维榕树网自由空间水平和竖直方向上的交叉互连,直通则由平面镜反射实现。对二维榕树网实验模块的功能分析表明,该实验模块理论上可以完成4×4二维面阵内光信号(或数据)的排序、交换、组播、广播、矩阵变换等操作,具有交换透明、速度快、空间带宽高等特点,在全光交换和光通信中具有一定的应用。     

膨胀水泥浆体系在苏丹1/2/4区块水平井固井中的应用

随着苏丹1／2／4区块的深入开发，为了加快开发主力油层，提高原油产量，降低钻井成本，GNPOC在此区块布置水平井开发任务。所开发的区域主要分布于Heglig，Munga，Simbir，Bamboo区块，油层所在是Zaqar和Bentiue地层。此层位具有高渗透，地层温度高，易塌、气窜等复杂问题，尤其是Heglig和Munga地区井壁坍塌严重。为此，根据地质资料、井身结构和对水平井注水泥的技术要求，科学合理设计施工工艺，优选出适合此地区固井施工的冲洗液和隔离液，特别是经过努力实践，开发出了新型膨胀水泥浆体系，此体系具有高强度、低失水、无析水、防气窜之功效。结合使用哈里伯顿CPT—Y4大功率固井车，精确计量和自动密度控制，该体系水泥浆目前已在7口水平井施工中得以应用，均为优质井。现正在被大量使用，此体系的开发，解决了该固井技术难题，创造了中国固井在海外首次水平井作业一次成功的历史记录，具有较高的经济和社会效益。     

基于DDS改进BT-4型扫频仪

基于DDS技术,改造BT 4型扫频仪中的扫频信号发生器,使其具有高稳定度、高分辨率、高精度的特点。同时为了使扫频仪能够对被测电路的动态范围进行检测,使扫频仪得到更广泛的应用,运用了AGC控制技术,首先使电压稳定在10 V;然后通过控制D/A使输出电压按测试需要输出。硬件给出了具体电路参数,软件给出了相应软件流程,总结了其他波型产生的方法。     

纯铜双层辉光离子渗钛组织形成机理及性能分析

采用双层辉光离子渗金属技术对纯铜进行了渗钛处理。用配有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜对合金层的显微组织形貌、钛含量分布、相组成及相结构类型进行了观察与测定，对合金层的形成机理进行了探讨，并对其性能进行了对比测定。结果表明：渗钛层由合金层和扩散层组成，合金层主要由TiCu (Cu)固溶体 TiCu4构成，TiCu4为Dla型有序相，TiCu为B2型有序相，扩散层为(Cu)固溶体。渗钛处理后纯铜的表面得到显著强化。     

INCORPORATING PRACTICAL AND SYNTHESIS CONTENTS IN UNDERGRADUATE CONTROL EDUCATION

This paper revisits the effort over the last decade in making undergraduate control education more useful and attractive to both the control engineers and the engineers at large. With the help of further coverage in new textbooks, more practical and synthesis contents in the control courses have been incorporated. Gaps still exist, particularly in the areas of PID control and auto‐tuning, fuzzy control, overall control strategy, control structure and systems thinking, and these will be elaborated. A major challenge is in the coverage of more practical and synthesis contents in the introductory common control course for all engineers. How this may be resolved is discussed. Finally, the need for new teaching approaches such as the use of interesting case studies and the use of problem‐based learning will be outlined.     

柴胡皂苷的提取与鉴定

报道了大孔吸附层析分离提取柴胡皂苷的实验研究。结果表明。提取分离柴胡皂苷的最佳工艺是：30％乙醇洗杂质、70％的乙醇洗脱2个糖基或3个糖基的柴胡皂苷。柴胡总皂苷的提取率为1．96％。TLC、HPLC检测2个糖基的皂苷是柴胡皂苷b2，属于结构类型Ⅱ。     

Pseudorandomness of Basic Structures in the Block Cipher KASUMI

The notion of pseudorandomness is the theoretical foundation on which to consider the soundness of a basic structure used in some block ciphers. We examine the pseudorandomness of the block cipher KASUMI, which will be used in the next‐generation cellular phones. First, we prove that the four‐round unbalanced MISTY‐type transformation is pseudorandom in order to illustrate the pseudorandomness of the inside round function FI of KASUMI under an adaptive distinguisher model. Second, we show that the three‐round KASUMI‐like structure is not pseudorandom but the four‐round KASUMI‐like structure is pseudorandom under a non‐adaptive distinguisher model.     

Effect of Traveling Magnetic Field on Mould-Filling Length of the A357 Melt during Casting THin Walled Plate

In order to improver the mould filling ability ,the method for production of thin-walled castings in the traveling magnetic field was applied,The relationship between magnetic field density and input voltage as well as distance was investigated,and the mould filling length of A357 melt has been studied,The electromagnetic forces applied on the melt were also analyzed,The result shows that the mould-filling length of the melt increase rapidly with the increase of magnetic flux density,The mould filling lengths in gypsum upper mould and magnetic material upper mould were compared from the standpoint of application,It demonstrated that the steel upper mould is superior to gypsum mould.